Acree, Mark A. MSFS. "People v. Jennings: A Significant Case in American Fingerprint History." The Print. 1998, 14 (4) , 1-2.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/140401.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: fingerprints/history

Adair, Thomas W. "Survival of Physical Evidence from a Scavenged Grave: A Look at a Case Study and Research from Colorado." Journal of Forensic Identification. 48 (4), 459-465. (1998)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: CSI

Adams, Arthur T. Adams on Fingerprints. New York: Remington Rand, 1933.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP

Adcock, J. M. B. A. "The Development of Latent Fingerprints on Human Skin: The Iodine-Silver Plate Transfer Method." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 599-604.
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: fingerprints/skin

Adrian H.Freeman. "Management of Digital Imaging in Law Enforcement and Forensic Agencies." (1998): 1 National Institute Forensic Science Australia.
Reference type: Thesis/Dissertation
Reprint: In File
Keywords: forensic/image enhancement
Abstract: Under the Michael Duffy Travel Fellowship grant, the author traveled to USA, Canada and the United Kingdom and visited law enforcement agencies and key players in the digital imaging field. This research paper presents an overview of the Queensland Police Service position in relation to digital imaging technologies and issues. An overview of the agencies visited and management issues in relation to digital imaging technology, and specifically highlights issues that support the use of digital imaging with law enforcement and forensic agencies.

Aeminov, V., et al. Criminalistics. Moscow: Progress, 1989.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File

Aggelopoulos, Katrina. "Handiprint In Post Mortem Fingerprinting." The Print. 1994, 11 (2) , 9
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/110204.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP
Notes: Reprint from Texas Div. IAI, Oct/Dec `94

Alexander, Harold L. V. Classifying Palmprints. Springfield: Thomas, 1973.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/classification

Allen, Sharon. "Separating Fingerprint Fact From Fiction." The Print. 1994, 10 (3) , 5-6.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/100303.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/fingerprints
Notes: Reprint from Law Enforcement Technology, Jan `92

Allison, Harrison C. Personal Identification. Boston: Holbrook Press, 1973.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/unique

Allman, David S. and Anthony Pounds. Fingerprint on Skin: A Review of Techniques. CRSE #693 1 p. 1989. Home Office Forensic Science Service.
Reference type: Report
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/fingerprints/skin

Allman, David S. and CA Pounds. "Detection of Fingerprints on Skin." Forensic Science Review. 3 (2), 84-89. (1991)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/luminescence/skin
Abstract: A review of the reported methods for the recovery of fingerprints from the skin of crime victims along with the efficacy of those methods is presented. The fundamental problems of retrieval of latent fingerprints form the skin are discussed together with the methods reported in the literature, which include electronography, iron powder-Dakty foil, iodine-silver plate transfer, Kromekote lift, and laser detection, along with several less frequently used techniques. The limited successes achieved with these reported methods during actual casework are discussed; they are limited because they are often found to refer only to idealized research conditions. At present, the use of high-powered light sources such as lasers seems to be the only technique that may be useful for revealing fingerprints on skin when investigating a case.

Allred, Clay E., Russell H. Murdock, and Roland E. Menzel. "New Lipid-Specific, Rare Earth-based Chemical Fingerprint Detection Method." Journal of Forensic Identification. 47 (5), 542-556. (1997)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing/luminescence/image enhancement
Abstract: A lipid-specific method for latent fingerprint detection that involves europium chelate luminescence is described. Its virtues are sensitivity, speed,and wide range of applicability, hence universality.

Almiral, Jose R. and Kenneth G. Furton. "The Importance of Standards in Forensic Science." The Print. 1998, 14 (5) , 3
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/140402.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/scientific principles
Notes: Reprint from Standardization News, 23(4), Apr`95

Almog, Joseph Ph. D. and Ammon B. S. Gabay. "Chemical Reagents for the Development of Latent Fingerprints. III: Visualization of Latent Fingerprints by Fluorescent Reagents in Vapor Phase." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 25 (2), 408-410. (1980)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing/luminescence
Abstract: The use of certain fluorescing vapor-phase chemicals for the development of latent fingerprints is described. Some advantages of these chemicals over other methods that use fluorescers are discussed.

Almog, Joseph Ph. D., Amiram Ph. D. Hirshfeld, and JT Ph. D. Klug. "Reagents for the Chemical Development of Latent Fingerprints: Synthesis and Properties of Some Ninhydrin Analogues." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 27 (4), 912-917. (1982)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/ninhydrin/luminescence/chemical processing
Abstract: In an attempt to design new reagents for the chemical development of altent fingerprints, a number of ninhydrin analogues were synthesized and their reactions with latent fingerprints on paper were studied. The ring-fused and substituted ninhydrins developed latent fingerprints with a sensitivity similar to that of ninhydrin. The most promising of the group was 2.2-dihydroxybenz[f]indanc-1.3-dionc, which developed latent fingerprints as dark green images with excellent resolution.

Almog, Joseph Ph. D. and Ammon B. S. Gabay. "A Modified Super Glue Technique--The Use of Polycanoacrylate for Fingerprint Development." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 31 (1), 250-253. (1986)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/cyanoacrylate/chemical processing
Abstract: Latent fingerprints on various items were developed by exposed them to fumes obtained by heating the solid polymer, polycyanoacrylate. The results were comparable in quality to those obtained by the regular Super Glue technique, based on the liquid cyanoacrylate monomer which is harder to handle. Without heating, the development process required much longer periods of time. Two simple devices have been constructed that use the new technique.

Almog, Joseph Ph. D. and Ora Heichal. Forensic Applications of the copper vapor laser: first year experience, research and development. 1987. (UnPub)
Reference type: Unpublished Work
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/luminescence/chemical processing
Abstract: Some of the advantages of copper vapor lasers (CVL) over argon ion lasers, from forensic scientist's viewpoint are being demonstrated. Of particular interest are the additional line at 578 nanometer and the pulsed nature of CVL. Research projects involve the design of better chemical fluorescors for latent fingerprint detection and sensitivity enhancement by optronic means.

Almog, Joseph Ph. D. "Reagents for Chemical Development of Latent Fingerprints: Vicinal Triketones--Their Reaction with Amino Acids and with Latent Fingerprints on Paper." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 32 (6), 1565-1573. (1987)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing/ninhydrin
Abstract: Eleven vicinal triketones and one vicinal tetraketone were reacted with amino acids in solution and with latent fingerprints on paper. All cyclic triketones gave colored products with amino acids in solution and developed latent fingerprints on paper. The products' colors varied depending on the structure of the triketone. The potential of these compounds as fingerprint developers is discussed.

Almog, Joseph Ph. D., et al. "Nitro-Benzofurazanyl Ethers--A New Series of Fluorigenic Fingerprint Reagents." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 32 (3), 585-596. (1987)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing/luminescence
Abstract: Five 7-nitro-4-benzofurazanyl ethers have been prepared and examined as potential fluorigenic reagents for latent fingerprints on paper. All developed latent fingerprints with high sensitivity, similar to that of the parent compound 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD-chloride). Although development in solution is faster, vapor phase development is also possible, and it has certain advantages such as the avoidance of the use of solvents and the smaller background fluorescence and discoloration.

Almog, Joseph Ph. D. and Amiram Ph. D. Hirshfeld. "5-Methoxyninhydrin: A Reagent for the Chemical Development of Latent Fingerprints That is Compatible with the Copper-Vapor Laser." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 33 (4), 1027-1030. (1988)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/luminescence/ninhydrin/chemical processing
Abstract: 5-Methoxy-2,2-dihydroxy-1,3 indanedione (5-methoyxyninhydrin), a relatively simple analogue of ninhydrin, exhibits excellent properties as a developer of latent fingerprints on paper. While visible development closely resembles that achieved with ninhydrin, fluorescence after zinc chloride, treatment is considerably stronger than that of ninhydrin developed prints, particularly when excited by the green line of the copper-vapor laser.

Anonymous. How to Take Fingerprints. Washington: U.S. Gov. Printing Office, 1935
Reference type: Pamphlet
Reprint: In File
Keywords: fingerprints/historical/LP

Anonymous. Classification of Fingerprints. Rev 12-84 ed. Washington: U.S. Gov. Printing Office, 1939.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: fingerprints/LP/classification
Abstract: This book was prepared by the Federal Bureau of Investigation to assist other agencies who where contemplating inaugurating identication files. It describes the FBI's Identification Division and served as a reference on fingerprint classification. This book has been revised and reprinted numerous times. At some point the title was changed to The Science of Fingerprints.

Anonymous. Finger Prints: For Identification and Crime Detection. New York: Padell Book, 1945.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: fingerprints/LP

Anonymous. "Prints Themselves Prove That Massengale Twins Do Not Have Identical Ridge Patterns." Fingerprint and Identification Magazine. 1953,
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP/twins/historical

Anonymous. "Footprinting of Infants." Law Enforcement Bulletin. (1966)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP

Anonymous. "Air Disaster Recovery Operations in Remote Areas." Law Enforcement Bulletin. (1972)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/disaster

Anonymous. "Lifting Latent Impressions." Law Enforcement Bulletin. (1975)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/powder

Anonymous. "Proper Procedures for Taking Major Case Prints." Law Enforcement Bulletin. (1976)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP

Anonymous. "Fingerprint Charts Aid Court Testimony." Law Enforcement Bulletin. (1979)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/testimony

Anonymous. "Identifying Disaster Victims." Law Enforcement Bulletin. (1980)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/disaster

Anonymous. "Problems and Practices in Fingerprinting the Dead." Law Enforcement Bulletin. (1980)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP

Anonymous. "Chemical Development of Latent Impressions." Law Enforcement Bulletin. (1980)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing

Anonymous. "Development of Latent Impressions with Powders." Law Enforcement Bulletin. (1980)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/powder

Anonymous. "Ever Ready to Assist: The FBI Disaster Squad." Law Enforcement Bulletin. (1981)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/disaster

Anonymous. The Science of Fingerprints. Rev 12-84 ed. Washington: U.S. Gov. Printing Office, 1987.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/fingerprints/classification
Abstract: This book is the authoritative reference on the system of fingerprint classification in the United States, and most of the English speaking world. It provides established definitions that relate to classification of fingerprints. This book was first published in 1939 under the title Classification of Fingerprints and has been reprinted numerous times and is occasionally referred to as the Bible of Fingerprints.

Anonymous. Chemical Formulas and Processing Guide for Developing Latent Prints. Washington D.C.: U.S. Gov. Printing, 1994
Reference type: Pamphlet
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing/chemistry/blood prints/cyanoacrylate/dye stain/luminescence/ninhydrin/SPR/VMD

Anonymous. "Conviction Through Enhanced Fingerprint Identification." The Print. Feb, 1994, 10 (2) , 1-2.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/100201.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/image enhancement/case report
Notes: Reprint from FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, Dec`92

Anonymous. "Fingerprints Do Not Lie." The Print. May, 1994, 10 (5) , 3-4.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/100502.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison
Notes: Reprint from FBI Bulletin, Sept `69

Anonymous. "On Lifting Latent Prints." The Print. 1995, 11 (1) , 5
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/110102.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/powder
Notes: Reprint from Finger Print & Ident. Mag. Apr`72

Anonymous. "The Importance of the Lack of Fingerprints - A Challenge to the Prosecution." The Print. 1995, 11 (3) , 4
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/110302.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/testimony
Notes: Reprinted from Forensic Digest, Spring `95

Anonymous. "Clandestine Drug Laboratories - Recognition and Hazards." The Print. 1996, 12 (6) , 8-9.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/120603.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/drugs
Notes: Reprint of Los Angeles Sheriff's Dept. Crime Lab Service Bulletin Aug`96

Anonymous. "The Fingerprint Was Mighter Than The Sword." The Print. 1997, 13 (6) , 8
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/130605.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Notes: unknown original source

Anonymous. "U.S. Surgeon Convicted of Changing Drug Lord's Face." The Print. 1997, 13 (2) , 11
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/130204.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/altered/case report
Notes: Reprint from Reuter's Internet, Feb 27`97

Anonymous. "A Confession for Science." The Print. 1998, 14 (3) , 5
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/140304.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP
Notes: Reprint from Identification Wanted , IACP, 1977
Abstract: Excert from Proceedings of the International Association of Chiefs of Police in 1911

Arnold, Richard R. "Does Cyanoacrylate (Super Glue) Fuming Impair Firearms Identification?" Identification News. 1985, 12
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/cyanoacrylate/firearms
Abstract: The results of these tests concluded that cyanoacrylate fuming does not effect the discipline of firearms identification.

Arrieta, M. I. "Effects of genetic and environmental factors on the a-b, b-c, and c-d interdigital ridge counts." Hereditas. 117 (2), 189-194. (1992)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/genetics/dermatoglyphics
Abstract: A study of 100 MZ (55 female and 45 male) and 97 DZ (50 male and 47 female) same-sexed twin pairs was carried out to analyse the genetic component of the vaiance of the a-b, b-c and c-d interdigital ridge counts by means of the Christian method. Especially for the a-b interdigital ridge count, we found it important to analyse both sexes separately. Our results suggest that the a-b count in males seems to be more influenced by environmental factors than the other counts. For females, the three interdigital counts seem to have a strong genetic component influencing their phenotypic expression. Factor analysis with VARIMAX rotation showed each interdigital ridge count be genetically independent.

Arthur, Richard O. The Scientific Investigator. Springfield: Thomas, 1965.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File

Ashbaugh, David R. "Edgeology." Royal Canadian Mounted Police Gazette. 1982, 44 (5) ,
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP/comparison

Ashbaugh, David R. "Ridgeology-The Time is Now." Fingerprint Whorld. 1982, 8 (2) ,
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP/comparison

Ashbaugh, David R. "Ridgeology -- Modern Evaluative Friction Ridge Identification." Journal of Forensic Identification. 41 (1), 16-64. (1991)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison/dermatoglyphics/scientific principles
Abstract: Ridgeology is an evaluative method of friction ridge identification based on scientific principles and procedures, principles, and procedures that have been established and verified through years of research. The term "ridgeology" refers to a forensic identification science that is associated with all of the ridges on the volar areas and not just on the finger tips as dactyloscopy or fingerprint identification implies. Ridgeology is not only more encompassing than dactyloscopy, but has methodologies and philosphies consistent with other forensic disciplines. (Quoted from Introduction)

Ashbaugh, David R. "Palmar Flexion Crease Identification." Journal of Forensic Identification. 41 (4), 255-273. (1991)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison/scientific principles

Ashbaugh, David R. "Defined Pattern, Overall Pattern, and Unique Pattern." Journal of Forensic Identification. 42 (6), 503-512. (1992)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/unique/comparison

Ashbaugh, David R. "Incipient Ridges and the Clarity Spectrum." Journal of Forensic Identification. 42 (2), 106-114. (1992)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison/dermatoglyphics/scientific principles
Abstract: Incipient ridges may create certain disagreements and inconsistencies among various examiners as to their inclusion and value as part of the identification process. However, when understood and approached from their morphological structure and evaluated as to their significance in the spectrum of clarity, incipient ridges can be a vital factor in determining individuality.

Ashbaugh, David R. "Palmar Flexion Crease Identification." Fingerprint Whorld. 1993, 7-15.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP/comparison

Ashbaugh, David R. "The Premises of Friction Ridge Identification, Clarity, and the Identification Process." Journal of Forensic Identification. 44 (5), 499-516. (1994)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison/scientific principles

Ashbaugh, David R. "Poroscopy." The Print. 1995, 11 (6) , 1-7.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/110601.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison
Notes: Reprinted from Ident. News, Nov. `82 pp 3-8

Astrom, Paul and Sven A. Eriksson. Fingerprints and Archaeology. Sweden: Goteborg, 1980.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: fingerprints/historical
Abstract: A study of friction ridge impressions left in the wet clay and preserved in antique vases.

Augibe, Frederick T. MD and James T. Costello. "A New Method for Softening Mummified Fingers." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 31 (2), 726-731. (1985)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/post mortem identification

Babler, William J. "The prenatal origins of population differences in human dermatoglyphics." (1977) University of Michigan.
Reference type: Thesis/Dissertation
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics

Babler, William J. "Prenatal Selection and Dermatoglyphic Patterns." Am J Phys Anthropol. 48 (4), 21-27. (1978)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics

Babler, William J. "Quantitative Differences in Morphogenesis of Human Epidermal Ridges." Dermatoglyphics-Fifty Years Later. Wertelecki, W., and C. C. Plato eds. New York: Alan R. Liss, 1979. XV. 199-208.
Reference type: Book Chapter
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics

Babler, William J. "Prenatal Communalities in Epidermal Ridge Development." Trends in Dermatoglyphic Research. Durham, Norris M., and C. C. Plato eds. 1 ed. Boston: Kluwer Academic, 1990. 54-68.
Reference type: Book Chapter
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics

Babler, William J. "Embryologic Development of Epidermal Ridges and Their Configurations." 1991. 27. 95-112.
Reference type: Book Chapter
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics

Bade, William F. "Fingerprints on Pottery Aid in Tracing Past." Science News Letter. 1934, 261-262.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP/historical

Baird, Henry W. III MD. "Kindred showing congenital absence of the dermal ridges (fingerprints) and associated anomalies." The Journal of Pediatrics. 64 (5), 621-631. (1964)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/anomaly/dermatoglyphics
Abstract: Complete absence of dermatoglyphics (finger, palm, and toe prints) in more than one member of a family has not been described previously. Various studies of 24 members in one kindred are reported here. The 13 affected members also show bilateral partial flexion contractures of the fingers and toes, bilateral webbing of the toes, and transient congenital milia.

Baniuk, Krystyna. "Determination of Age of Fingerprints." Forensic Science International. 46 : 133-137. (1990)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/age determination
Abstract: In this paper the process of ageing of fingerprints is considered and such factors affecting the process as: chemical composition of a fingerprint trace, external influences and background material are taken into account. On the basis of experience accumulated overa long period of time standards have been set allowing the determination of the time span during which traces of different chemical compositions stored in various ambient conditions can be effectively used for dactyloscopic purposes. In the closing part of the paper the efficiency of the method and usefulness of the results obtained are presented.

Bansal, I. J. S., Shobha Rani Dhiam, and Harminder Kaur. "A Study of the Inheritance of Palmar Mainlines." J.Phys.Anthrop.& Hum.Genet. 13 (3), 201. (1987)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: dermatoglyphics/anatomy/genetics

Barber, Margaret. "Cyanoacrylate fuming to develop latent fingerprints." (1985): 1-16. California State Polytechnic University, Pomona.
Reference type: Thesis/Dissertation
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/cyanoacrylate/chemical processing
Abstract: The use of cyanoacrylate ester adhesives in the development of latent fingerprints in the crime lab has proven to be a highly efficient and simple way to process fingerprints as evidence in criminal cases. The mechanism is an anionic polymerization of alkyl 2-cyanoacrylate ester initiated by the weak bases such as water and amines present in the latent fingerprint residue. Various methods have been developed to accelerate the process of developing latent fingerprints with cyanoacrylate fumes. These methods require some caution on the part of the examiner due to the possibility of toxic fumes being produced by subjecting the cyanoacrylate to extreme conditions.

Barnum, Clive A. and Darrell R. Klasey. "Factors Affecting the Recovery of Latent Prints on Firearms." The Print. 1997, 13 (3) , 6-8.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/130303.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/firearms/chemical processing
Notes: Reprinted from the Journal of Forensic Identification 47(2), Mar/Apr `97

Barsallo, a. E., et al. "Digital Enhancement of Degraded Fingerprints." (1985) Texas Tech University.
Reference type: Thesis/Dissertation
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/image enhancement

Bateman, Linda. "Born Without Fingerprint Patterns." The Print. 1997, 13 (1) , 2
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/130102.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/anomaly
Notes: Reprinted from the Cheasapeake Examiner, Jan `96

Bateson, Vaughan. "Personal Identification by Means of Fingerprint Impressions." British Medical Journal. 1029-1032. (1906)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP

Batey, Gordon W., et al. "Metal Deposition for Latent Print Development." Journal of Forensic Identification. 48 (2), 165-175. (1998)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing/VMD

Battley, Harry. Single Finger Prints: A New and Practical Method of Classifying and Filing Single Finger Prints and Fragmentary Impressions. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1930.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/historical/classification

Bay, Andre L. "Additonal Use for Mikrosil Casting Material." Journal of Forensic Identification. 48 (2), 130-132. (1998)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: CSI/physical comparisons

Bell, Dirk A. and Robert J. Diefes. "Recording Cordless Telephone Conversations for Increased Signal Enhancement Effectiveness." Journal of Forensic Identification. 45 (3), 250-258. (1995)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File

Bennett, Thomas L. M. D. "Case Study." The Print. 1997, 13 (6) , 5
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/130603.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/CSI
Notes: Reprinted from Iowa Div. IAI

Bentley, Stephen. "Presumptive Testing for Blood on a Patent Print Developed with Amido Black." The Print. 1998, 14 (4) , 3
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/140402.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing/blood prints

Bentsen, R. K., et al. "Post Firing Visualization of Fingerprints on Spent Cartridge Cases." The Print. 1996, 12 (5) , 5-9.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/120502.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing/firearms
Notes: Reprinted from Science & Justice, 36(1) 1996, pp 3-8

Berg, Erik. "The Evolution of the Crime Scene Diagram." Journal of Forensic Identification. 45 (1), 25-29. (1995)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: CSI/crime scene sketch

Berg, Erik. "Digital Enhancement and Transmission of Latent Prints -- Who Will Set The Standards?" Journal of Forensic Identification. 1996, 46 (5) , 573-580.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/120403.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/image enhancement
Notes: This article was simultaneously submitted and printed in The Print 12 [4] and several other publications.

Bernhard, Jeffrey D. and Thomas B. Fitzpatrick. "The Structure of Skin Lesions." Pathophysiology of Dermatologic Diseases. Soter, Nicholas A., and Howard P. Baden eds. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1991. 113-127.
Reference type: Book Chapter
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics

Bernhard, Jeffrey D. "Cutaneous Sensation and the Pathophysiology of Pruritus." Pathophysiology of Dermatologic Diseases. Soter, Nicholas A. M. D., and Howard P. Baden eds. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991. 91-110.
Reference type: Book Chapter
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics

Berry, John F. F. S. "Empiric Empathy." Identification News. 1983, 15
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP

Besonen, James A. "Heat Acceleration of the Super Glue Fuming Method for Development of Latent Fingerprints." Identification News. 1983, 3-4.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/cyanoacrylate/chemical processing
Abstract: Using the heat method of Super Glue fuming latent fingerprints develop faster and as clearly as any of the other methods we have tried.

Bigbee, David. Laboratory Safety. U.S. Gov. Printing, 1986
Reference type: Pamphlet
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/safety

Black, James A. "The Interaction of Visualization Fluids and Fingerprints." Journal of Forensic Identification. 28 (1), 28-30. (1990)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/QD
Abstract: The types of visualization fluids tested may be used without altering latent fingerprints and are undetectable by conventional methods after evaporation.

Black, James A. "Simulated Signatures - Forgery by Imitation." Journal of Forensic Identification. 45 (3), 283-297. (1995)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: QD
Abstract: One method of forgery involves the production of a signature which has been designed to pass as geniune when subjected to visual scrutiny. A number of methods may be used to attain this objective, including simulation by free-hand imitation, tracing, electrostatic reproduction of a geniune signature, and computer fabrication. Each of these methods involves processes which leave tell-tale signs for the alert document examiner to notice. This paper will explain the mechanics involved and thier indicators.

Black, James W. "The Identification of the New-Born By Flexure Creases." Identification News. 1952, 9 (9) ,
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP/comparison

Blackwell, H. R. "Contrast thresholds of the human eye." J.Opt.Soc.Am. 36 : 624-643. (1946)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: vision

Blackwell, R. J. and W. A. Crisci. "Digital Image Processing Technology and Its Application in Forensic Sciences." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 20 (2), 288-304. (1975)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/image enhancement

Blank, Joseph P. "The Fingerprint That Lied." Reader's Digest. 1975, 81-85.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP/forged evidence

Block, Eugene. Fingerprinting: Magic Weapon Against Crime. New York: David McKay, 1969.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/fingerprints

Blue, Victor. How to Obtain Good Finger Prints. Navy, 1915.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File

Bobev, Kostadin. "Fingerprints and Factors Affecting Their Condition." Journal of Forensic Identification. 45 (2), 176-183. (1995)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/excretion/chemical processing

Bobev, Kostadin. "Examination of Transparent Objects Using Coherent Light for the Determination of Prior Integrity." Journal of Forensic Identification. 48 (1), 39-44. (1998)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: CSI/physical comparisons

Bocca, Geoffrey. The Life and Death of Sir Harry Oakes. Garden City: Doubleday, 1959.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/history/forged evidence

Bodziak, William J. "Some Methods for Taking Two-Dimensional Comparison Standards of Tires." Journal of Forensic Identification. 46 (6), 689-701. (1996)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: CSI/physical comparisons

Bohanan, Arthur M. "Latents from Pre-pubescent Children Versus Latents from Adults." Journal of Forensic Identification. 48 (5), 570-573. (1998)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/excretion
Abstract: A study conducted by the Knoxville Police Department and Oak Ridge National Laboratory has revealed a significant difference between the fingerprint sweat chemical compounds of pre-pubescent children and adults.

Bonebrake, George. "Fabricating Fingerprint Evidence." Identification News. 1976, 16 (10) , 3
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP/forged evidence

Bono, Joseph P. "The Forensic Scientist in the Judicial System." Journal of Police Science and Administration. 9 (2), 160-166. (1981)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: forensic

Boolsen, Frank M. Bridges, B. C., (Editor(s). Fifty-One Fingerprint Systems. Berkeley: Privately Printed, 1935.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP

Bose, Rai Sahib Hem Chandra. Hints on Finger-Prints with a Telegraphic Code for Finger Impressions. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink and Co., 1916.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/historical/classification

Bose, Rai Sahib Hem Chandra. Finger Print Companion. Calcutta: Da Gupta and Co., 1927.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File

Bowen, K. L and S. T. Wickett. "The Effects on Fingerprinting Techniques on Bloodgrouping." Canadian Society of Forensic Science. 21 (1&2), 29-40. (1988)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/bloodstain/luminescence
Abstract: The effects on the bloodgrouping of bloodstains subjected to the fingerprinting techniques commonly used (powders, chemicals, and laser) were investigated. The bloodstains of various bloodgroups were prepared on three different media: paper, glass, and cloth. After treatment for fingerprinting, the samples were grouped in the nine bloodgroup systems routinely performed at Forensic Laboratory Edmonton. Some distortion or destruction of bloodgroups was detected; however, other techniques appeared to cause no changes.

Bradford, L. W. "Problems of Ethics and Behavior in the Forensic Sciences." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 21 (4), 763-768. (1976)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/scientific principles/ethics/forensic

Bradford, Russel R. "Mary E. Holland, America's First Fingerprint Instructor." The Print. 1998, 14 (5) , 1-2.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/140501.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/history
Notes: Reprinted from The Print, May `93

Brandon, Mary, Kathy Egli, and Astrid Unander. ""Cloned" Primates and the Possibility of Identical Fingerprints." The Print. 1997, 13 (5) , 1-5.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/130501.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics

Brant, Merrill D. "Determining the Distance of Gunshot Wounds to the Head by Appearance and Physical Evidence." Journal of Forensic Identification. 48 (2), 133-146. (1998)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: CSI/physical comparisons

Bratton, Robin and John A. Juhala. "DFO-Dry." Journal of Forensic Identification. 45 (2), 169-172. (1995)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing/luminescence
Abstract: A new method, using 1,8-diazafluoren-9-one [DFO] in the dry state, was developed for latent print visualization on papers. The new procedure provides the same fluorescence intensity as conventionally prepared DFO with ink run, damage to papers, or background induced fluorescence due to the DFO solution.

Bratton, Robin. "A Black Powder Method To Process Adhesive Tapes." The Print. 1996, 12 (2) , 6
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/120206.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing
Notes: Reprinted from handout information distributed at FBI Technical Coursex

Brayley, Frederic A. Brayley's Arrangement of Finger Prints. Boston: Worcester Press, 1910.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File

Brennan, John, et al. "Fuming of Latent Fingeprints Using Dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde." Journal of Forensic Identification. 45 (4), 373-380. (1995)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing/fingerprints
Abstract: Visualization of latent fingerprints produced by vapor phase fuming is often desirable due to its often non-destructive characteristics, and various fuming techniques with varying effectiveness are available. dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde used as a fuming agent provides good ridge detail visualization on a wide selection of substrates, and can be included in routine sequential examination procedures.

Bridges, B. C. Practical Fingerprinting. New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1942.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/fingerprints

Bright-Birnbaum, Kathleen L. "Observing and Describing the Human Face." Journal of Forensic Identification. 47 (5), 521-524. (1997)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File

Briner, R. C., et al. "The American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors: History, Objectives and Programs." The Police Chief. 37-39. (1981)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/scientific principles/history

Brooks, Andrew J. Jr. "Techniques for Finding Latent Prints." Fingerprint and Identification Magazine. 1972, 3-11.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing
Abstract: This compilation has been prepared for the technician interested in furthering his knowledge about the numerous ways latent prints can be detected.

Browne, Douglas G. and Alan Brock. Fingerprints-Fifty Years of Scientific Crime Detection. New York: E.P. Dutton, 1954.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/fingerprints/history/historical
Abstract: The authors detail the history of fingerprints from ancient usage to the time of the book's writing. In addition to the historical story with reference to the early pioneers of the science, the authors include many factual stories of cases solved. This sets the book apart from the other historical works with a style more like a novel.

Brunetti, John. "Recording Cyanoacrylate Prints Developed on Transpartent Plastic Using the Evidence as Negatives." Journal of Forensic Identification. 47 (3), 283-286. (1997)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/cyanoacrylate/chemical processing

Burgeson, Robert E. "Dermal-Epidermal Adhesion in Skin." Molecular and Cellular Aspects of Basement Membranes. Rohrbach, David H., and Rupert Timpl eds. New York: Academic Press, 1993. 59-61.
Reference type: Book Chapter
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: dermatoglyphics

Burns, Thomas J. What Are Finger Prints? Charlotte, NC: Privately printed, 1932.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File

Burt, Jim A. and Roland E. Menzel. "Laser Detection of Latent Fingerprints: Difficult Surfaces." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 13 (2), 364-370. (1985)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/luminescence
Abstract: Fingerprint development techniques that use blue-green laser light suffer from high background fluorescence on substrates such as cardboard, wookd, leather, and some metals and plastics. These substrates tend to exhibit little or no fluorescence under ultraviolet light, prompting us to search for procedures that yield visible fluorescence under this illumination. Specifically, chemcial development with dansyl chloride and vapor staining with 9-methylanthracene were found to be useful when dealing with these substrates. Fluorescence excitation was possible either with an ultraviolet lamp or argon-ion laser operating in the ultraviolet. Coumarin 535 vapor staining following 9-methylanthracene staining was also found effective.

Bushor, William. "Fingerprinting with Lasers." Identification News. 1979, 11-12.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/luminescence

Byford, William. Recruiting and Examining Fingerprint Experts. 1 p. 1994. Greater Manchester: Home Office.
Reference type: Report
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/vision

Campbell, Blair M. "The Forensic Use of Digital Image Enhancement." Royal Canadian Mounted Police Gazette. 1989,
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: image enhancement

Campbell, F. W. and L. Maffei. "Contrast and spatial frequency." Sci.Am. 231 (5), 106-114. (1974)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: vision

Cantor, Benjamin J. The Role of the Expert Witness in a Court Trial. La Mesa: San Diego Book Distributors, 1996.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP/testimony
Abstract: Reviewed by Robert J. Hazen, JFI 47(2)

Carlson, Bruce M. MD PhD. "Integumentary, Skeletal, and Muscular Systems." Human Embryology and Developmental Biology. Chicago: Mosby, 1994. 153-159.
Reference type: Book Chapter
Reprint: In File
Keywords: genetics/anatomy/dermatoglyphics
Abstract: Combines an introduction to the molecular and mechanistic basis of human development with classic descriptive embryology. Presents the latest findings in the fields of genetics, cell biology, endocrinology, reproduction, pathology, and anatomy, discussing their effect on human developmental biology.

Carmody, Chas. C. "Wehde's Forgery Claims Exposed by Investigation." Fingerprint and Identification Magazine. 1928, 5-& 31
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/forged evidence/historical

Carrick, Michael F. "Fingerprint Powder - Safety Considerations." Identification News. 1986, 8
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/safety

Cataldo, Louis. A New Approach to Single Finger Prints: The Revised Cataldo System. Barnstable: Privately printed, 1958.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File

Cauna, N. "The Effects of Aging on the Receptor Organs of the Human Dermis." Aging. Montagna, W. ed. New York: Pergamon, 1965. 63-96.
Reference type: Book Chapter
Reprint: Not in File

Chacko, L. W. "The Dermal Papillae and Ridge Patterns in Human Volar Skin." Acta Anat. 70 (1), 99-108. (1968)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics

Champod, Christophe. "Edmond Locard - Numerical Standards & "Probable" Identifications." Journal of Forensic Identification. 45 (2), 136-163. (1995)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/standards/scientific principles

Chang, Insun. "Laser Safety." Professional Safety. 1986, 50-53.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/luminescence/safety

Chapel, Charles Edward. Fingerprinting - A Manual of Identification. New York: Coward McCann, 1941.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/fingerprints/classification/comparison

Chatterjee, Salil K. Finger, Palm and Sole Prints. Calcutta: Artine Press, 1953.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File

Chatterjee, Salil K. "Edgeoscopy." Fingerprint and Identification Magazine. 1962, 3-13.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison

Cheeseman, Rob and Lisa DiMeo. "Fluorescein as a Field-worth Latent Bloodstain Detection System." Journal of Forensic Identification. 45 (6), 631-646. (1995)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: CSI/serology

Cheeseman, Rob. "Fluorescein As A Suitable Replacement for Luminol As A Latent Blood Detection System." The Print. 1995, 11 (2) , 1-2.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/110202.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: CSI/serology

Cheng, Sheaw-Guey. "ANS (8-Anilinonaphthalene-1-Sulfonate)--A New Reagent for Detection of Latent Fingerprints." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 33 (2), 527-529. (1988)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing
Abstract: ANS has shown itself to be a valuable and sensitive reagent method for the detection of latent and greasy prints on porous surface. The working solution is sprayed onto the porous surface where latent or greasy prints are suspected and the prints show bright yellow fluorescence against dark background under ultraviolet (UV) map (long wavelength) illumination. The advantage of this method are its rapid reaction, no heat needed, high sensitivity, no unpleasant odor, simplicity, and convenience in processing.

Cherrill, Fred. Cherrill of the Yard. London: George G. Harrap, 1954.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: history

Cherrill, Fred. Fingerprints Never Lie. New York: MacMillan, 1954.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: history

Chiralo, Robert P. and Leonard L. Berdan. "Adaptive Digital Enhancement of Latent Fingerprints." SPIE. 149 : 118-135. (1978)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/image enhancement
Abstract: An adaptive technique for providing effective enhancement of latent fingerprints is presented. The adaptive technique is described and examples are shown, including an enhanced print prepared for a trial exhibit. Image preprocessing considerations are discussed for obtaining enhancement. Results of the adaptive technique are compared to those obtained with the conventional Fourier filtering enhancement.

Choudhry, Muhammad Y. and Robert D. Whritenour. "A New Approach to Unraveling Tangled Adhesive Tape for Potential Detection of Latent Prints and Recovery of Trace Evidence." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 35 (6), 1373-1383. (1990)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/cyanoacrylate/dye stain/chemical processing
Abstract: Occasionally, crumpled adhesive tape strips are encountered in criminal cases involving rape, murder, kidnapping and explosives (bombing). Such tape is usually submitted to a crime laboratory for the detection of latent prints, to establish a physical match with other strips or rolls of tape, or to be examined for associative evidence, such as hair, fibers, or paint, which may be adhering to the tape surfaces. To achieve these objectives, it is often necessary to unravel the tape without affecting the potential latent prints which may be present on the adhesive or nonadhesive surfaces. This paper describes a new technique using a solvent consisting of a blend of aliphatic and halogenated hydrocarbons, to unravel tangled tape which, unlike existing freezing or heating methods, minimizes disturbance of latent prints. This procedure was used on various types of commercially available adhesive tapes bearing latent prints, which were subsequently detected by crystal violet, cyanoacrylate fuming, and fluorescent dye stain development procedures. This simple technique proved to be very convenient and successful in unraveling various types of adhesive tapes for the detection of latent prints and possible recovery of trace evidence.

Christian, John. "Hit for Covina P.D. on Dangerous Suspect." The Print. 1995, 11 (3) , 9
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/110303.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/AFIS/case report
Notes: Reprinted from Minutiae Muse, Oct. `94

Clason, Dick. "The Last and the First." The Print. 1997, 13 (1) , 6-8.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/130105.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/history
Notes: Reprinted from The Print 1(7), Sept. `85.

Clements, Wendell W. The Study of Latent Fingerprints. Springfield: Thomas, 1987.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP

Clements, Wendell W. "Latent Fingerprints - One Year Later." The Print. 1994, 13 (1) , 6
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/100703.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/age determination
Notes: Reprinted from Fingerprint Whorl, Oct. `86

Clendenning, J. L. "Expert Testimony." Criminal Law Quarterly. 9 : 427. (1966)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: testimony

Cole, A. "The Search for Certainty and the Uses of Probability." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 25 (4), 826-833. (1980)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File

Collins, Charles S. A Telegraphic Code for Fingerprint Formulae and a System for Sub-Classification of Single Digital Impressions. London: Police Chronicle, 1921.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP

Collins, Clarence Gerald. Fingerprint Science: How To Roll, Classify File and Use Fingerprints. Costa Mesa: Custom Publishing, 1985.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/fingerprints/classification

Collins, Martin W. "Realizing the Full Value of Latent Prints." Identification Digest. 1992, 4-11.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison

Conrad, E. C. "The Expert and Legal Certainty." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 9 (4), 445-455. (1964)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File

Cook, Sharon M. "The Use of Embalming Fluids in the Restoration of Mummified Fingers." Journal of Forensic Identification. 46 (5), 529-541. (1996)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/post mortem identification

Cooke, T. G. "Impressions--Of Finger-Print Men and Their Exploits the World Over." Fingerprint and Identification Magazine. 1928, 10 (3) , 9-10.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/forged evidence/historical
Abstract: The author surveys three leaders (G.Tyler Mairs, Dr. Duncan and Earl O. Stephens) on the subject of forged fingerprints.

Cooke, T. G. "The Forgery Issue!!" Fingerprint and Identification Magazine. 1928, 2-3.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/forged evidence/historical
Notes: Letter to the editor by Harry H. Caldwell, IAI president, included. Letter reflects Caldwell's opinion of so-called finger print forgeries.

Cooke, T. G. Finger Prints-Secret Service-Crime Detection. 1st ed. Chicago: Finger Print Pub. Assoc, 1930.
Reference type: Whole Book
Cooke, T. G. "Defense Counsel Tries to Discredit Finger-Print Evidence -- Two Famous Experts Testify in Sensational Louisiana Trial." The Print. 1995, 11 (1) , 6
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/110103.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/testimony/historical
Notes: Reprinted from FP.I. Mag. Aug 1925

Coppock, Craig. "Photographic Sharpness." The Print. 1995, 11 (4) , 5
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/110402.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: photography
Notes: Reprinted from the Pacific Northwest Div. IAI, Jan/Mar `95

Corcuff, P and JL Leveque. "In vivo vision of the human skin with the tandem scanning microscope." Dermatology. 186 (1), 50-54. (1993)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File
Abstract: The tandem scanning reflected light microscope invented by Petran and Hadravsky provides real-time vision in the confocal mode. It performs nondestructive optical sectioning of biological material to a depth that depends on the transparency of the tissue. This real-time facility adds a fourth dimension (time) to the study of living specimens. In the present work, human skin was explored in vivo, at the cellular level to a depth of 150 microns. Two different anatomical sites were investigated: the back of the hand and the volar aspect of the forearm. The stratification of the horny layers, the nuclei of the living keratinocytes through the whole epidermis and the capillary loops within the superficial dermis constituted clear reference points. These permitted thickness measurements of the stratum corneum and epidermis to an accuracy of 1 microns. This method of exploration provides a new challenge for dermatologists and cosmetologists.

Corr, Joseph J. Jr. The Use of Flame in the Development of Latent Prints. US Gov Printing Office, 1957
Reference type: Pamphlet
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing
Abstract: Based on experiments, the flame process is advocated in certain instances. Camphor is the recommended developing agent due to its ready availability, ease of ignition, complete combustion, and its jet-black and fine-grained soot which adheres easily and firmly to latent impressions.

Corson, William B., James E. Lawson, and Kurt E. Kuhn. "Alternate Applications of DFO for Non-fluorescent Visualization." Journal of Forensic Identification. 41 (6), 437-445. (1991)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing/luminescence

Corson, William B. "Sometimes You Don't, Sometimes You Do." Journal of Forensic Identification. 47 (4), 391-393. (1997)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: case report

Corwin, T. R. and J. E. Richman. "Three clinical tests of the spatial contrast sensitivity function: A comparison." AmJ.Opt.Physiol.Opt. 63 (6), 413-418. (1986)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: vision

Couch, Stephen. "Latent Fingerprint Processing, Iodine-Silverplate Transfer Method." Identification News. 1977, 9-10.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/skin

Cowger, James F. Friction Ridge Skin. New York: Elsevier, 1983.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison
Abstract: This book provides an overview of the science in general. The author then goes on to address some specific areas of terminology and conclusions. What makes this book stand out is the discussion and description of the comparison process. It addresses the thought process in an unparalleled fashion.

Craig, Emily A. and Nicolas Vezaro. "Use of an Alternate Light Source to Locate Bone and Tooth Fragments." Journal of Forensic Identification. 48 (4), 451-458. (1998)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: CSI/luminescence/physical comparisons

Creer, Ken E. "Fingerprint Detection with an Argon Ion Laser." Fingerprint Whorld. 1981, 34-35.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP/luminescence/chemical processing

Creer, Ken E. "Operational Experience in the Detection and Photography of Latent Fingerprints by Argon Ion Laser." Forensic Science International. 23 : 149-160. (1983)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/photography/luminescence
Abstract: The argon ion laser has proved a valuable aid in the detection of latent fingerprints and nearly 400 exhibits have been examined in this laboratory. The methods used, the operational experience gained and the results achieved are described. Future developments and the possible use of cheaper alternative light sources are discussed.

Creighton, Jon T. "Visualization of Latent Impressions After Incidental or Direct Contact with Human Blood." Journal of Forensic Identification. 47 (5), 534-541. (1997)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing/blood prints
Abstract: In order to determine if accidental contact with blood could visualize pre-existing latent print residue which would appear to be blood prints, impressions consisting sebaceous secretions, eccrine sweat, and grease were deposited onto a painted metal surface. As a visual aid, one each of the impressions was dusted with black powder. Each particular type of deposit was placed into thre groups and allowed to set for one hour prior to three different applicaitons of human blood. A duplicate set of each group was allowed to stand for a twenty-four hour period before contact with blood. After the blood application, each impression was examined to document any visual development of ridge structure in the non-powdered impressions. The powdered impressions were examined for any increase or decrease in development or contrast by the human blood contact.

Cromwell, Oliver. Finger-Print Photography. London: Stock, 1907.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP/photography

Cron, James G. "Palmar Flexion Crease Identification - Precedent Trial Testimony." The Print. 1997, 13 (6) , 1-3.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/130601.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/testimony/comparison
Notes: Reprint from Texas Div. IAI, Apr/Jun `96

Crosskey, Walter C. S. The Single Finger Print Identification System. San Francisco: Privately printed, 1923.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP

Cua, AB, KP Wilhelm, and HI Maibach. "Frictional properties of human skin: relation to age, sex and anatomical region, stratum corneum hydration and transpidermal water loss." Br J Dermatol. 123 (4), 476-479. (1990)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File
Abstract: Differences in the dynamic skin friction coefficients (mu) were investigated with respect to age, sex, and anatomical region. A total of 29 volunteers consisting of seven young females, seven old females, seven young males, and eight old males participated in the study. Measurements were obtained from II anatomical regions, namely, the forehead, upper arm, volar and dorsal forearm, postauricular, palm, abdomen, upper and lower back, thigh, and ankle. The friction data were compared with stratum corneum hydration and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). The dynamic friction coefficient did not vary significantly between age and sex groups but varied considerably among the anatomical regions of the body. The forehead and postauricular had the highest mu (0.34 +/- 0.02) while the abdomen had the lowest (0.12 +/- 0.01); the remaining regions had an average mu value of 0.21 +/- 0.01. Similarly, no sex differences were observed for TEWL and stratum corneum hydration. Capacitance was only significantly lower on the palms of the elderly. Regional differences showed a higher state of hydration on the forehead and postauricular as well as the upper arm, upper and lower back when compared with the
volar forearm. TEWL was generally lower in the elderly on all anatomical regions except the postauricular and palm. A significant correlation was established between mu and capacitance for most regions. Between mu and TEWL significant correlation was observed only on the palm and thigh. These findings suggest that frictional properties of skin are dependent on more than water content or non-apparent sweating and the role of sebum secretion is suggested as one possible factor.

Cua, AB, KP Wilhelm, and HI Maibach. "Skin surface lipid and skin friction: relation to age, sex and anatomical region." Skin Pharmacol. 8 (5), 246-251. (1995)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File
Abstract: Differences in the skin surface lipid content (SSL) and the dynamic friction coefficient (mu) were investigated with respect to age, sex, and anatomical region in 29 volunteers. The group consisted of (a) 7 young adult females (24.9 +/- 1.1 years old, mean +/- SD), (b) 7 old females (75.3 +/- 2.4 years old), (c) 7 young adult males (28.7 +/- 0.5 years old), and (d) 8 old males (73.8 +/- 1.9 years old). Measurements were obtained on 11 anatomical regions, namely, the forehead, upper arm, volar and dorsal forearm, postauricular, palm, abdomen, upper and lower back, thigh, and ankle. Skin surface lipid content data were compared with mu measurements to determine the relative contribution of the former to frictional properties of skin. mu and SSL were not statistically different between age groups on all regions except for the ankle, where lipid content was lower in the elderly. Similarly, mu did not vary between sex groups. Skin surface lipid content was statistically lower on the forehead, dorsal forearm and postauricular area in females. Both parameters, however, showed considerable regional variability. A significant linear correlation was established between mu and SSL combining all regions from all volunteers. When mu was plotted against SSL among individual anatomic sites, only the forehead and postauricular area showed significant linear correlations between the two parameters. These data suggest that surface lipid content plays a limited role in frictional properties of skin.

Cummings, Harless, et al. "BBD and MBD: Multipurpose Reagents for Latent Print Detection." Journal of Forensic Identification. 40 (6), 334-340. (1990)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing

Cummins, Harold Ph. D. and Charles M. D. Midlo. "Palmar and plantar epidermal ridge configurations (dermatoglyphics) in Euorepean-Americans." Am.J.Phys.Anthropol. 9 (1), 471-502. (1926)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: dermatoglyphics

Cummins, Harold Ph. D. "Epidermal-Ridge Configurations in Developmental Defects, with Particular Reference to the Ontogenetic Factors Which Condition Ridge Direction." American Journal of Anatomy. 38 (1), 89-151. (1927)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics/genetics

Cummins, Harold Ph. D. The Topographic History of the Volar Pads (Walking Pads; Tastbaellen) In The Human Embry. 394 103 p. 1929. Washington D.C.: Cargnegie Inst.
Reference type: Report
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics/historical

Cummins, Harold Ph. D. "The Fingerprint Carvings of Stone Age Men In Brittany." Science Monitor. 1930, 31: 273-279.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP/historical

Cummins, Harold Ph. D. and Rebecca Wright Kennedy. "Purkinjes' Observations (1823) On Fingeprints and Other Skin Features." American Journal of Police Science. 31 (3), (1940)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP/historical/history

Cummins, Harold Ph. D. "The Breadths of Epidermal Ridges on the Finger Tips and Palms: A Study of Variation." American Journal of Anatomy. 68 (1), 127-150. (1941)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics/genetics

Cummins, Harold Ph. D. "Ancient Finger Prints in Clay." Science Monitor. 1941, 52: 389-402.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP/historical/history

Cummins, Harold Ph. D. and Charles M. D. Midlo. Finger Prints, Palms and Soles. 1st ed. Phladelphia: Blakiston Co., 1943.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics/genetics/history
Notes: Hardbound
Abstract: This book has been the authoritative text about the biological aspects of the field of dermatoglyphics for the working person studying forensic identification for many years. The author Harold Cummins, from 1921 until his retirement in 1964, did extensive research studying dermatoglyphics, a term he introduced in 1926 at a meeting of the American Association of Anatomists.

Cummins, Harold Ph. D. "The skin and mamary glands." Morris human anatomy. New York: McGraw Hill, 1953.
Reference type: Book Chapter
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: anatomy

Cummins, Harold Ph. D. "Normal and Abnormal Patterns." Fingerprint and Identification Magazine. 1967, 49 (5) , 3-32.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics/anomaly/genetics

Cummins, Harold Ph. D. and Charles M. D. Midlo. Finger Prints, Palms and Soles. South Berlin: Research, 1976.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: dermatoglyphics/genetics/history/LP
Abstract: This book has been the authoritative text about the biological aspects of the field of dermatoglyphics for the working person studying forensic identification for many years. The author Harold Cummins, from 1921 until his retirement in 1964, did extensive research studying dermatoglyphics, a term he introduced in 1926 at a meeting of the American Association of Anatomists.

Cummins, Harold Ph. D. "Loss of Ridged Skin Before Birth." The Print. 1997, 13 (1) , 3-5.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/130103.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics/anomaly/genetics
Notes: Reprinted from FP.I. Mag. 46(8), Feb. `65, pp 3-7, 23.

Cushman, Barry and Neal J. Simmons. "A Cyanoacrylate Fuming Method for the Development of Footwear Impressions." Journal of Forensic Identification. 46 (4), 412-417. (1996)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: cyanoacrylate/CSI/shoe prints

Cushman, Barry. "Evidence Packaging." The Print. 1996, 12 (2) , 5
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/120205.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: CSI/forensic
Notes: Reprinted from 4N6, Jan. `96

Czarnecki, Eugene. "Poroscopy: An Overview." The Print. 1995, 11 (4) , 1-3.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/110401.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison
Notes: Reprinted from the Texas Div. IAI, AprJun `95

Dalrymple, Brian E., J. M. Duff, and Roland E. Menzel. "Luminescence of Fingerprints." Royal Canadian Mounted Police Gazette. 39 (5), 1-6.
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/luminescence

Dalrymple, Brian E., J. M. Duff, and Roland E. Menzel. "Inherent Fingerprint Luminescence - Detection by Laser." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 22 (1), (1977)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing/luminescence

Dalrymple, Brian E. "Case Analysis of Fingerprint Detection by Laser." Journal of Forensic Identification. 24 (3), 586-590. (1979)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/luminescence/chemical processing
Abstract: The results reported here are an indication of early usae of the laser method. More work, on the detection of fingerprints on skin in particular, is needed to accurately assess the potential value to the investigator.

Dalrymple, Brian E. "Visible and Infrared Luminescence in Documents: Excitation by Laser." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 28 (3), 692-696. (1983)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/luminescence
Abstract: The use of the argon laser in the crime laboratory can be extended from the detection of latent fingerprints to include document examination. With appropriate filters, both visible and infrared luminescence can be recorded under argon laser excitation.

Datig, Cregor. "Courtroom Demeanor." The Print. 1994, 10 (10) , 1-3.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/101001.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/testimony

Davidson, Lloyd W. Judge. "The Duty and Responsibility of the Identification Witness." Journal of Forensic Identification. 42 (3), 197-204. (1992)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/testimony

Davis, Patrick R., Vernon D. McCloud, and John K. Bonebrake. "Don't Throw Dried-up Glue Away." Journal of Forensic Identification. 45 (6), 598-601. (1995)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing/cyanoacrylate

Day, Kelley J. and William Bowker. "Enhancement of Cyanoacrylate Developed Latent Prints Using Nile Red." Journal of Forensic Identification. 46 (2), 183-187. (1996)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/cyanoacrylate/chemical processing

Dayan, Elie and Jay Levinson. "Air Crash in the Comoros: Victim Identification and Fingerprints." Journal of Forensic Identification. 48 (5), 560-562. (1998)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/CSI/case report/disaster

De Forest, Peter R., R. E. Gaensslen, and Henry C. Lee. "About Forensic Science." Forensic Science: An Introduction to Criminalistics. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983. 1-28.
Reference type: Book Chapter
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/scientific principles/ethics/physics/unique
Abstract: Forensic science is the application of the natural sciences to matters of the law; it includes a variety of different activities and specialities. In practice, forensic science draws upon the principles and methods of all the traditional sciences, such as physics, chemistry, and biology. At the same time, there are differences between forensic science and traditional sciences. The differences are attributable in part to the fact that forensic science has some unique objectives, and in part to its continuous and necessary interaction with the legal system. (Author's introduction)

Deuel, Joseph M. Finger-Prints. New York: Brown, 1917.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP

Dillon, Lester R. Scientific Fingerprints. San Antonio: Private, 1940.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP

Dilworth, Donald C., (Editor(s). Identification Wanted: Development of the American Criminal Identification System, 1893 1943. Gaithersburg: IACP, 1977.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File

DiMaggio, John A. "Forensic Podiatry - An Emerging New Field." Journal of Forensic Identification. 45 (5), 494-497. (1995)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: forensic/physical comparisons

DiMeo, Lisa. "Vacuum Metal Deposition `It's Value in Developing Archival Prints." The Print. 1994, 10 (3) , 4
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/100302.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing/VMD

Doherty, Michael J. "Applying Parallel Processing Techniquest to Automated Fingerprint Identification." The Police Chief. 1986, 47-49.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/AFIS

Donche, A. and Sylvere Loyan. "Development of Latent Fingerprints on Stones." Journal of Forensic Identification. 46 (5), 542-555. (1996)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing
Abstract: The use of stones to break glass at the time of a burglary or to injure a person at the time of an attack, is a frequent occurence. Until recently, the French police did not search for fingerprints on this type of surface. Therefore, possible methods for development of latent fingerprints on stones appeared to be an interesting subject for exploration.

Donnelly, Diane L. Vacuum Metal Deposition -- A Case Study. 1993. (UnPub)
Reference type: Unpublished Work
Reprint: In File
Keywords: VMD

Donnelly, Diane L. "A Simple Photo Scale for Transmitted Light Photography." The Print. 1997, 13 (03) , 4
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/130302.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/photography

Donnelly, Diane L. "Examining the Need for Postmortem Footprint Exemplars of Homicide Victims: Two Case Studies." Journal of Forensic Identification. 48 (5), 580-584. (1998)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison

Donnelly, William J. and Rocco M. S. Ciccone. "Excluding a Suspect Using Bite-Mark Evidence." Journal of Forensic Identification. 47 (3), 264-273. (1997)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: CSI/case report/physical comparisons

Dooley, Michael R. "Recognizing line patterns by comparing their curvature vs. arc-length representations." (1995) UC, Santa Cruz.
Reference type: Thesis/Dissertation
Reprint: Not in File
Notes: Spline theory, curvature, fingerprint mathematical model

Duff, J. M. and Roland E. Menzel. "Laser-Assisted Thin-Layer Chromatography and Luminescence of Fingerprints: An Approach to Fingerprint Age Determination." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 23 (1), 129-134. (1978)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/luminescence/age determination

Duggan, James M. Jr. and Garold C. Warner. "A Preliminary Minutiae Accuracy Analysis of Electronic Fingerprint Recording." Journal of Forensic Identification. 36 (6), 285-291. (1988)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/livescan/AFIS

Duhamel, Roger. R.C.M.P. Fingerprint Textbook. 3 ed. Ottawa: Queen's Printer, 1966.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP

Duncan, J. An Introduction to Fingerprints. London: Butterworth, 1942.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP

Dunlap, Charles B. The Science of Finger Printing. Chester: Grieco-Miller, 1932.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File

Dunleavy, P. J. "Fabricated Identification Detected." Identification News. 1982, 12-13.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/forged evidence

Durham, Norris M. and Plato, C. C., (Editor(s). Trends in Dermatoglyphic Research. 1 ed. Boston: Kluwer Academic, 1990.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics

E Varigny, Henry. "Anthropology - The Finger Prints According to M.F. Galton." Revue Scientifique. 1891,
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP/historical

Evans, Emmet. Finger Print Instructor. Chicago: Evans National Manufacturing, 1917.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File

Everse, Kathleen E. "Sensitivity Enhancement of Ninhydrin-Treated Latent Fingerprints by Enzymes and Metal Salts." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 31 (2), 446-454. (1986)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/ninhydrin/luminescence/chemical processing
Abstract: Lyophylized Sigma Type III trypsin has been applied to latent prints two weeks to two months old. This trypsin preparation eliminates the background problems that had been encountered with old prints in a previous study. Zinc chloride treatment of latent prints previously exposed to ninhydrin enhances their detectability upon laser examination. However, it has been reported that the zinc chloride reaction occasionally fails to occur. Accordingly, we have investigated the optimization of this reaction. We find that high humidity and elevated temperature, particularly the former, are needed. Cadmium nitrate, although it produces weaker fluorescence than zinc chloride, may at times be useful. Reaction conditions are much the same as those for zinc chloride. (Published abstract)

Evett, I. W. and R. L. Williams. "A Review of the Sixteen Points Fingerprint Standard in England and Wales." The Print. 1996, 12 (1) , 1-13.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/120101.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison
Notes: Reprinted from JFI 46(1) Jan/Feb `96
Abstract: The fingerprint service of England and Wales works to the requirement that a fingerprint identification should be based on at least 16 points of comparison before evidence may be given in court. In 1988-89 the authors carried out a review of the need for this requirement. The review included: visits to bureaus in the U.K. and in various other countries; a study of the statistical apsects of fingeprint identification; a historical review; and a collaborative study in which fingerprint experts from many different bureaus at home and abroad examined ten sets of comparisons. This paper describes the conduct of the review and its conclusions.

Fahy, Richard E. "Can Cigarette Paper Be Identified?" Journal of Forensic Identification. 46 (1), 13-18. (1996)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: QD

Fargher, George. "Confessions of Finger Print Forger!" Fingerprint and Identification Magazine. 1928,
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/forged evidence/historical
Abstract: A tongue in cheek story of a supposed Finger Print Forger. The story line provides a light hearted discussion of some problems which would exist in effort to plant forger fingerrpints.

Faulds, Henry. "On the Skin-furrows of the Hand." Nature. 1880,
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/historical
Abstract: This article is one of the earliest writings about the study of fingerprints, and exhorts various notable concepts.

Faulds, Henry. "On the Identification of Habitual Criminals by Finger-Prints." Nature. 1894, 50 (1301) , 548
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/historical
Abstract: Faulds claim of prior publishing re: first reporting

Faulds, Henry. Guide to Finger-print Identification. Hanley: 1905
Reference type: Pamphlet
Reprint: In File
Keywords: fingerprints/historical

Faulds, Henry. "History of Finger Prints: A Chapter in their Use." Scientific American Supplement. 1911, LXXII: 326
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: history

Faulds, Henry. "Fingerprints. A Chapter in the History of Their Use for Personal Identification." Knowledge. 1911,
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP/history

Faulds, Henry. Dactylography or The Study of Finger-prints. First ed. Halifax: Milner, 1912.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: fingerprints/historical

Faulds, Henry. "Poroscopy: The Scrutiny of Sweat Pores for Identification." Nature. 1913, XCI: 635
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP

Faulds, Henry. "The Permanence of Finger Prints." Nature. 1917, XCVIII: 388
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP

Faulds, Henry. The Hidden Hand. Hanley, England: Wood Mitchell, 1920.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File

Faulds, Henry. A Manual of Practical Dactylography. London: Police Review, 1923.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File

Faulds, Henry. "On the Skin-furrows of the Hand." The Print. 1994, 10 (1) , 8-9.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/100101.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/historical
Notes: Reprinted from Nature, Oct. 28, 1880
Abstract: This article is one of the earliest writings about the study of fingerprints, and exhorts various notable concepts.

Feldman, M. A., C. E. Meloan, and J. L. Lambert. "A New Method for Recovering Latent Fingeprints from Skin." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 27 (4), 806-811. (1982)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/skin

Feng, Xu, Huang Li, and Guo Renquiang. "On the Development of Dermal Papillae and Epidermal Riges of Human Skin." ACTA Zoologica Sinica. 34 (3), (1988)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: dermatoglyphics

Fenger, Susan Marie, Douglas H. Ubelaker, and David Rubinstein. "Identification of Workers' Compensation Fraud Through Radiographic Comparison." Journal of Forensic Identification. 46 (4), 418-431. (1996)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: CSI/case report/physical comparisons
Abstract: The case reported here documents how radiographic comparison can be used to identify and prosecute fraud when the modus operandi involves the suspect's simultaneous filing of two or more workers' compensation claims, or any other type of medically-related insurance claims, under multiple assumed identities.

Feucht, Daniel A. "The Dental Impression Material Latent Print Recovery Method." Journal of Forensic Identification. 45 (2), 173-175. (1995)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing

Field, Annita T. Single Hand Classification and Filing. Los Angeles: Los Angeles Police Dept., 1954.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP

Field, Annita T. Fingerprint Handbook. Springfield: Thomas, 1976.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/fingerprints

Fincher, Jack. "Lifting 'latents' is now very much a high-tech matter." Smithsonian. 1989, 201-218.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/AFIS/history

Fischer, John F. and Joe Nickell. "Laser Light: Space-age Forensics." Law Enforcement Technology. 1984, 26-27.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/luminescence/chemical processing

Fischer, John F. and William G. Miller. "The Enhancement of Blood Prints by Chemical Methods and Laser-Induced Fluorescence." Identification News. 2,14-15. (1984)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing/blood prints/luminescence

Fisher, Barry A. J. Techniques of Crime Scene Investigations. 4th ed. New York: Elsevier Science, 1987.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/CSI/scientific principles

Fitzpatrick, Michael J. "Palmprints - The Next Plateau." Journal of Forensic Identification. 46 (2), 164-168. (1996)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison

Forrest, D. W. Francis Galton: The Life and Work of a Victorian Genius. New York: Taplinger, 1974.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/history
Abstract: The author provides the reader with a view of the variety of Galton's interest. While Galton's contribution to fingerprints is significant, his genius and widespread interests are also included. From his studies of heredity to his mechanical and optical inventions, this pioneer in the science of fingerprints is portrayed as a Victorian Genius.

Fortunanto, Susan L. and Gary Walton. "Development of Latent Fingerprints from Skin." Journal of Forensic Identification. 48 (6), 704-717. (1998)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing/CSI/case report/skin
Abstract: The following research was conducted in 1986 by a college intern and a latent fingerprint examiner at the Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension. Upon completion of this research, the results were submitted as a paper to the BCA laboratory and to Gustavus Adophus College, Biology Department. Thanks to the tenacity and recent enthusiasm of William C. Sampson, Miami, Fl. this research is surfacing for publication.

Frank, Arie and Joseph Ph. D. Almog. "Modified SPR for Latent Fingerprint Development on Wet, Dark Objects." Journal of Forensic Identification. 43 (3), 240-244. (1993)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: chemical processing
Abstract: A new formulation, similiar to the Small Particle Reagent (SPR), was developed for latent fingerprint visualization on wet, dark objects. The new preparation, which is based on zinc carbonate, is white and provides good contrast on a dark background.

Frankel, Harold A. Finger Print Expert. Philadelphia: Gainor Press, 1932.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/fingerprints/history

Frankel, Mark S. "Ethics and the Forensic SCiences: Professional Autonomy in the Criminal Justice System." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 34 (3), 763-771. (1989)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/ethics/scientific principles
Abstract: Forensic scientists in their roles as expert witnesses or as laboratory employees experience restrictions on their exercise of professional discretion which raise questions about their ability to act responsibly in the criminal justice system. To respond effectively to these challenges to their professional autonomy, forensic scientists must find ways to increase their control over their work and to convince other key actors in the criminal justice system of the importance of doing so. (Published abstract)

Fraser, F. Clarke Ph. D. and James J. M. D. Nora. Dermatoglyphics, Genetics of Man. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1986.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: dermatoglyphics/genetics

Fricker, Eric W. "Lifting Latents from Skin - A Field that Lacks Documentation." Law Enforcement Technology. 1992, 44-47.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/skin

Froude, John H. Jr. "The Super Glue Fuming Wand: A Preliminary Evaluation." Journal of Forensic Identification. 46 (1), 19-31. (1996)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/cyanoacrylate/safety
Abstract: Comparison and evaluation of the conventional method of superglue fuming using low-level heat acceleration in an enclosed chamber and the use of the open-air "superglue fuming wand" mehtod was conducted. The superiority of conventional superglue fuming for the development of latent prints versus the superglue wand fuming method, the ability to control fumes conventionally versus uncontrolled wand fuming, and the health hazard considerations of superglue fuming are discussed. Based upon the results of this study, use of th esuperglue wand is generally discouraged.

Froude, John H. Jr. "Using Ammonium Thiocyanate and Potassium Thiocyanate." Journal of Forensic Identification. 48 (6), 718-724. (1998)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing

Galton, Francis F. R. S. "Personal Identification and Description." Nature. 1888, XXXVIII (77) , 173-177-201-202.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/historical
Notes: Substance of a Lecture given at the Royal Institution on Friday evening, May 25, 1888

Galton, Francis F. R. S. Natural Inheritance. 1997 ed. London: Macmillan & Co., Genetics Heritage Press, 1889.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Notes: photocopy ordered from amazon, 17 Dec

Galton, Francis F. R. S. "The Patterns in Thumb and Finger Marks." Nature. 1890, 43 (1101) , 117-118.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: historical
Notes: "The Patterns in Thumb and Finger Marks: on their Arrangement into naturally distinct Classes, the Permancence of the Papillary Ridges that make them, and the Resemblance of their Classes to ordinary Genera"

Galton, Francis F. R. S. "Identification by Finger Tips." Nature. 1891, 30: 303
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP

Galton, Francis F. R. S. "Method of Indexing Finger Marks." Nature. 1891, 44 (1128) , 141
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/historical

Galton, Francis F. R. S. "Finger Prints in Indian Army." Nature. 1893, XLVIII: 595
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP

Galton, Francis F. R. S. Decipherment of Blurred Finger Prints. London: Macmillan & Co., 1893.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File

Galton, Francis F. R. S. "Identification." Nature. 1893, 48 (1236) , 222
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/historical
Notes: Letter to the Editor

Galton, Francis F. R. S. Fingerprint Directories. orig ed. London: Macmillan, 1895.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/historical

Galton, Francis F. R. S. "Signaletic Instructions." Nature. 1896, 54: 569
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP

Galton, Francis F. R. S. "Finger Print Evidence." Nature. 1902, (LXVI) , 606
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/historical

Galton, Francis F. R. S. "Review of Fauld's "Guide"." Nature. 1905, IV: 4
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP

Galton, Francis F. R. S. Inquiries into Human Faculty and its Development. 2nd ed. New York: E.P. Dutton, 1907.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/historical

Galton, Francis F. R. S. Memories of My Life. 1st ed. New York: E.P. Dutton & Co., 1909.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/historical/history

Galton, Francis F. R. S. Hereditary Genius; An Inquiry into its Laws and Consequences. 2nd reprint ed. London: Macmillan & Co, 1914.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/historical

Galton, Francis F. R. S. Sir Francis Galton-Three Memoirs. London: Eugenics Society, 1951.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: historical

Galton, Francis F. R. S. Fingerprints. New York: Da Capo Press, 1965.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/fingerprints/historical
Notes: Original Published in 1892 London: MacMillan and Company

Galton, Francis F. R. S. Hereditary Genius; An Inquiry into its Laws and Consequences. London: Julian Friedmann Publishers, 1979.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/historical
Notes: "This edition of Hereditary Genius first published in 1979. The text is based on the 1869 edition and includes the preface form the 1892 edition."

Galton, Francis F. R. S. "Personal Identification and Description." The Print. 1994, 10 (8) , 1-4.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/100801.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/historical
Notes: Reprint from Nature, June 28, 1888, pp 201-202
Substance of a Lecture given at the Royal Institution on Friday evening, May 25, 1888

Garrison, Dean H. "Reconstructing Drive-by Shootings from Ejected Cartridge Case Location." Journal of Forensic Identification. 45 (4), 427-433. (1995)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: CSI/firearms
Abstract: Experiments were conducted to explore the effects of vehicle speed, road surface, and case size, shape, and weight on the distance cartridge cases travel after ejection from moving vehicles. The results provide ranges in which fired cases are likely to be found.

Garrison, Dean H. "Protecting the Crime Scene." The Print. 1997, 13 (1) , 12-13.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/130106.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: CSI/scientific principles/forensic
Notes: Reprinted from FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, Sept.`94

Garrison, Dean H. "Bad Science." The Print. 1997, 13 (2) , 1-5.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/130201.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: scientific principles/forensic
Notes: Reprint from Midwestern Assoc. of Forensic Scientists, Oct`91

Garrison, Dean H. "Precision Without Accuracy." The Print. 1998, 14 (1) , 1-2.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/140101.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: CSI/scientific principles/forensic/crime scene sketch
Notes: (This article was obtained from the Internet. It was originally published in the Midwestern Association of Forensic Scientists Newsletter, April 1994.) 140101

Garson, John G. A System of Classification of Finger Impressions. London: British Assoc. for the Advancement of Science, 1900.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File

Gayer, G. Foot Prints. Nagpur, India: Law Publishers, 1909.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File

Geller, Boris and Eliot Springer. "A Special Frame for Easing the Handling of Adhesive Tapes in Fingeprint Development." Journal of Forensic Identification. 46 (3), 281-285. (1996)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing

Geller, Boris, Eliot Springer, and Joseph Ph. D. Almog. "Field Devices for Cyanoacrylate Fuming: A Comparative Analysis." Journal of Forensic Identification. 48 (4), 442-450. (1998)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/cyanoacrylate

Geller, Joel and Richard J. Warrington. "Use of "Stun Gun" Devices for Making Electrostatic Dust Print Lifts*." Journal of Forensic Identification. 44 (4), 364-374. (1994)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: CSI

German, Edward R. "You Are Missing Ninhydrin Developed Prints." Identification News. 3-4. (1981)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: ninhydrin/chemical processing

German, Edward R. "Analog/Digital Image Processing." Identification News. 8-11. (1983)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/luminescence

German, Edward R. Electronic Latent Print Detection: A 1985 Update. 1985
Reference type: Pamphlet
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/image enhancement/chemical processing/luminescence
Notes: Presented at the International Association for Identification Annual Educational Conference at Savannah, Georgia, July 1985.
Abstract: As the use of high-technology electronic equipment to supplement latent print detection continues to increase, so does the complexity of monitoring new advances and planning for worthwhile technology upgrades. This paper is a limited attempt to collate current Electronic Latent Print Detection (ELPD) activities and equipment sources, and to provide an abbreviated glossary to assist in sifting through technical data. Brief discussions of current usages and new developments are followed herein by a glossary, and source addresses.

German, Edward R. Zinc Chloride - A Simple Chemical Procedure for Non-Laser Enhancement of Ninhydrin Developed Latent Prints. 1986
Reference type: Pamphlet
Reprint: In File
Keywords: ninhydrin/LP/chemical processing/excretion
Notes: Presented March 21, 1986 to the Bay Counties Identification Officers Association.

German, Edward R. "The Admissibility of New Latent Print Detection Techniques in U.S. Courts." Identification News. 12-13. (1986)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/testimony/image enhancement

Giannelli, Paul C. "Evidentiary and Procedural Rules Governing Expert Testimony." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 34 (3), 730-748. (1989)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: testimony
Abstract: Expert testimony plays a critical role in criminal ligitation. The legal system has developed both evidentiary and procedural rules to govern the use of experts. The rule of evidence specify the conditions under which expert testimony may be admitted at trial and thus considered by the trier of fact. The rules of procedure cover related issues, such as pretrial discovery of scientific reports and the appointment of defense experts. This article explains and critiques these legal rules. The concluding section recommends ways in which these rules can be improved.

Giese, Emil G. "Court Presentation of Finger Print Evidence." Fingerprint and Identification Magazine. 1970, 3-8.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/testimony

Gilchrest, Barbara A. "Aging of the Skin." Pathophysiology of Dermatologic Diseases. Soter, Nicholas A. M. D., and Howard P. Baden eds. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991. 47-55.
Reference type: Book Chapter
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics

Ginsburg, A. P., et al. "Contrast sensitivity predicts pilots' performance in aircraft simulators." AmJ.Opt.Physiol.Opt. 59 (1), 105-109. (1982)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: vision

Ginsburg, A. P. "Sine-wave gratings are more visually sensitive than disks or letters." J.Opt.Soc.Am. 1 (12), 1301. (1984)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: vision

Ginsburg, A. P. "A new contrast sensitivity vision test chart." Am.J.Opt.Physiol.Opt. 61 (6), 403-407. (1984)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: vision

Glattstein, Baruch, Lior Nedivi, and Joseph Ph. D. Almog. "Detection of Firearms Imprints on Hands by the Ferrotrace Spray: Profiles of Some Common Weapons." Journal of Forensic Identification. 48 (3), 257-272. (1998)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: CSI/firearms

Goetz, Michael W. "Cyanoacrylate Fuming Precautions." Journal of Forensic Identification. 46 (4), 409-411. (1996)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing/cyanoacrylate/safety

Gonzalez, Rafael C. and Paul Wintz. Digital Image Processing. Reading: Addison-Wesley, 1983.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: image enhancement

Grant, Douglas. The Classification and Identification of Palm Prints. Glasgow: Private, 1950.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP

Grant, Robert. Aircraft Disaster Operations In Water. 1983. (Unpub.):
Reference type: Report
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: disaster

Gray, Dudley. "Destroying the Fingerprint Myth." Forum. 12-13. (1901)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: On Request
Keywords: LP/testimony

Gray, M. Leanne. "Sticky-side Powder Versus Gentian Violet: The Search for the Superior Method for Processing the Sticky Side of Adhesive Tape." Journal of Forensic Identification. 46 (3), 268-272. (1996)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing

Grechette, Claude N. MD. "A New Lincoln Image Report on an Unusual Study." Journal of Forensic Identification. 44 (4), 410-429. (1994)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Notes: See Special Report "The Kaplan Lincoln" as a preface, pp 407 - 409 and companion article Artifact Description of Kaplan Daguerreotype, pp 430 - 436.

Greenless, Dean. "Age Determination-Case Report." The Print. 1994, 10 (7) , 4-5.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/100702.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/age determination
Notes: Reprinted from Fingerprint Whorld, Apr. `94

Greenwood, Peter W., et al. The Criminal Investigation Process Volume III: Observations and Analysis. R-1778-DOJ 84 p. 1975. Santa Monica, CA: Rand.
Reference type: Report
Reprint: In File
Keywords: criminal investigation/LP
Notes: Prepared under a grant from the National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice, L.E.A.A., Department of Justice

Gregory, Russell A. Identification of Disputed Documents, Fingerprints, and Ballistics. Lucknow, India: Eastern Book Co., 1957.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP

Grieve, David L. "The Identification Process: Attitude and Approach." Journal of Forensic Identification. 39 (5), 211-224. (1988)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/scientific principles
Abstract: As in any applied science, the identification process for fingerprint examinations must be practiced before proficiency can be attained. Organized structured training and proper supervision can provide a strong foundation that paves an avenue for application. Quality standards for all phases of the identification process can be professionally established and enforced. The effectiveness of the application will be determined by examiner attitude and approach. In an atmosphere of understanding and objectivity, the ultimate goal of the identifiction process may not be met always, but the results will be far more consistent, impartial, and meaningful. (Quoted from summary)

Grieve, David L. "Faulds, Faults and Forensic Fundamentals." Journal of Forensic Identification. 44 (4), 353-356. (1994)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/history

Grieve, David L. "The Search for Mary Holland." Journal of Forensic Identification. 44 (5), 495-498. (1994)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/history

Grieve, David L. "Rarely Pure, and Never Simple." Journal of Forensic Identification. 45 (3), 245-249. (1995)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File

Grieve, David L. "Long Road to Deadwood." Journal of Forensic Identification. 45 (4), 347-373. (1995)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/history
Notes: This editorial is an attempt to recreate the events of the IAI Board of Directors meeting in 1944. Much of the information was obtained from King's X, by Marshall Houts, The Life and Death of Sir Harry Oakes, by Geoffrey Bocca, the Fingerprint and Identification Magazine, "A Third History of Identification in the United States," by Harry J. Myers, II, the proceedings of the IAI's thirtieth annual convention, and other sources. Although the essential elements of this accounting are factural, certain portions pertaining to motivations are speculation. Contributions were also gratefully received form Pat Wertheim and Carey Chapman.

Grieve, David L. "Sapphires and Syntax." Journal of Forensic Identification. 45 (1), 1-4. (1995)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File

Grieve, David L. "...And Not Exactly `Red' All Over." Journal of Forensic Identification. 45 (2), 131-135. (1995)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File

Grieve, David L. "Fanfare for the Common Man." Journal of Forensic Identification. 45 (6), 593-597. (1995)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File

Grieve, David L. "Supposin'." Journal of Forensic Identification. 45 (5), 490-494. (1995)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File

Grieve, David L. "Possession of Truth." Journal of Forensic Identification. 46 (5), 521-528. (1996)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: standards/scientific principles

Grieve, David L. "So Long, Frank Lloyd Wright." Journal of Forensic Identification. 46 (6), 664-672. (1996)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File

Grieve, David L. "Parallels." Journal of Forensic Identification. 46 (4), 395-402. (1996)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: standards

Grieve, David L. "Enlightenment - With an R.C. and a Moon Pie." Journal of Forensic Identification. 46 (3), 261-267. (1996)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/history

Grieve, David L. "Geography and Gestalt." Journal of Forensic Identification. 46 (1), 1-6. (1996)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/history

Grimoldi, Giuliana, Christopher J. Lennard, and Pierre A. Margot. ""Liquid Gloves" and Latent Fingerprint Detection." Journal of Forensic Identification. 40 (1), 23-27. (1990)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/glove/chemical processing

Hale, Alfred R. "Morphogenesi of Volar Skin in the Human Fetus." The American Journal of Anatomy. 91 (1), 147-181. (1952)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics

Hall, John D. Suggestions on Taking Finger Prints. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Govt. Printing Office, 1910.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File

Hall, Richard F. "Latent Skin Print Identification Solves Homicide." Law Enforcement Bulletin. 9-11. (1979)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/historical/skin
Abstract: This case is believed to be the first on record where a latent fingerprint developed from a homicide victim's skin has been identified with an offender and introduced as evidence in court.(Quoted from text)

Hall, Richard F. "Major Crimes - Latent Print Computer." Journal of Forensic Identification. 45 (3), 268-274. (1995)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/AFIS

Hansen, Thomas A. "Presumptive Blood Test Used for Statement Corroboration." Journal of Forensic Identification. 44 (5), 517-520. (1994)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: CSI

Haque, Ferial, et al. "A Small Particle (Iron oxide) Suspension for Detection of Latent Fingerprints on Smooth Surfaces." Forensic Science International. 41 : 73-82. (1989)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/SPR/chemical processing
Abstract: A small particle suspension of iron oxide black (Fe3O4) powder has been formulated for developing latent fingerprints on smooth surfaces. This new reagent was compared with the reported reagents known as small particle reagent (SPR) or molybdenum disulfide in suspension, and was foundt to be superior with regard to sensitivity, clarity and contrast. Excellent results wer obtained on dry, wet or frost-covered smooth surfaces irrespective of whether the latent fingerprints were new or old.
The developed black fingerprints are cleared very easily by washing with soap and water. The method was tested on speciment fingerprints taken from thirty donors. Scanning electron microscopic studies were performed on several powders to determine the particle size and to correlate it with the behaviour of small particle supsensions prepared from these powders. (Published abstract)

Hardwick, S. A. Handwriting and Thumb-print Identification and Forensic Science. Allahabad, Law Book, 1970.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: forensic/fingerprints

Hardwick, S. A. User Guide to Physical Developer - A Reagent for Detecting Latent Fingerprints. 14/81 1 p. 1981. Sandridge: Home Office.
Reference type: Report
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing/SPR

Harling, Michael. "A History of the Identification Bureau of New York State (Continued)*." Journal of Forensic Identification. 45 (5), 530-541. (1995)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: history

Haslett, M. "Fingerprints from Skin Using the Magna Brush Technique." Identification News. 7-8. (1983)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/skin/history
Abstract: We believe this the first time in the history of fingerprinting in Canada that the fingerprint of an accused on skin has been identified using this technique. Legalitities restricted us from announcing our success with this technique initially, however, we hope now that the technique will become widely used and be used and be as successful as it was for us.

Haylock, S. E. "Adnormalities in Dermatoglyphics." Identification News. 1983, 11-14.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics/anomaly

Hebrard, J. and A. Donche. "Fingerprint Detection Methods on Skin: Experimental Study on 16 Live Subjects and 23 Cadavers." Journal of Forensic Identification. 44 (6), 623-631. (1994)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing/skin/fingerprints/forensic
Abstract: The detection of latent fingerprints on human skin has been the subject of several research projects over the last 25 years, and fingerprint specialists have recently shown a renewed interest this procedure. In this study, several new techniques suggested in the literature were applied to the detection of prints deposited on 16 live subjects and cadavers (16 of which had not been placed in the cold room before the experiments). Form the results obtained in this study as well as related commetns in the literature, casework experience, and current forensic practices, an inventory was established of the factors influencing the detection of fingerprints on skin. Fingerprint detection sequences on skin were subsequently developed.

Henneberg, Maciej, Kosette M. Lamber, and Chris M. Leigh. "Fingerprint Homoplasy: Koalas and Humans." Natural Science (1997) (In Press)
Reference type: In Press
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics
Notes: Fingerprint (dermatoglyphes) consist of patterns formed by parallel ridges on bare skin of fingertips. They are typical for higher primates, but occur sporadically in other mamals. We have recently observed the presence of dermatoglyphes, microscopically and macroscopically similar to those of humans on the fingers and toes of teh tree-climbing marsupial Phascolarctus cinereus. Presence of nearly identical dermatoglyphes in lineages of mammals undergoing separate evolution for at least 70 million years, but adapting to climbing and grasping, indicates that adaptive regularities may be a common feature of the evolutionary process. (Published abstract)

Henry, Edward R. Sir. Classification and Uses of Finger Prints. 5th ed. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1922.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/fingerprints/classification

Henry, Edward R. Sir. Classification and Uses of Finger Prints. New York: AMS, 1974.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: classification/LP/historical
Notes: Original published 1900 London: George Routledge and Sons
Bound with "The Origin of Finger-Printing" by Herschel

Henry, Edward R. Sir. "Finger Prints Found at the Scenes of Crime
How to Photograph and Prepare Exhibits for Production in Court." The Print. 1995, 11 (3) , 1-3.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/110301.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/testimony
Notes: Reprinted from the book Classification and Uses of Finger Prints, 1913.

Herod, D. W. and Roland E. Menzel. "Laser Detection of Latent Fingerprints: Ninhydrin." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 27 (1), 200-204. (1982)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: luminescence/LP/ninhydrin/chemical processing
Abstract: Ninhydrin-treated latent fingerprints not discernible in the conventional way can show fluorescence in the red and near-infrared spectral regions when subjected to continuous-wave dye laser illumination at about 580 nm, thus becoming amenable to development. (Published abstract)

Herod, D. W. and Roland E. Menzel. "Laser Detection of Latent Fingerprints: Ninhydrin Followed by Zinc Chloride." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 27 (3), 513-518. (1982)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: luminescence/LP/ninhydrin/chemical processing
Abstract: A pronounced improvement in detectability is observed when ninhydrin-treated latent fingerprints are sprayed with a solution of zinc chloride and subsequently subjected to argon laser examination. (Published abstract)

Herod, D. W. and Roland E. Menzel. "Spatially Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy: Application to Latent Fingerprint Development." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 28 (3), 615-622. (1983)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/luminescence
Abstract: A spatially resolved fluorescence spectrometer that uses laser excitation is described. The instrument is designed for electronic development of latent fingerprints. (Published abstract)

Herschel, William J. "Skin Furrows of the Hand." Nature. 76. (1880)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/historical
Abstract: Letter to the Editor

Herschel, William J. "Finger Prints "Hooghly Letter"." Nature. 1894, LI: 77
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP

Herschel, William J. "Remarks on Fauld's Letter." Nature. 1917, XCVIII: 389
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP

Herschel, William J. The Origin of Finger-Printing. New York: AMS, 1974.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/historical
Notes: Original publ 1916, Cambridge: Oxford University
Bound with "Classification and Uses of Finger Prints" by Henry

Hewitt, Cecil R. Personal Identity. London: Joseph, 1957.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File

Hewlett, Dudley and Vaughn G. Sears. "Replacements for CFC113 in the Ninhydrin Process: Part 1." Journal of Forensic Identification. 47 (3), 287-299. (1997)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/ninhydrin/chemical processing

Hewlett, Dudley, Vaughn G. Sears, and Shinichi Suzuki. "Replacements for CFC113 in the Ninhydrin Process: Part 2." Journal of Forensic Identification. 47 (3), 300-306. (1997)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/ninhydrin/chemical processing

Higgins, Peter. "Standards for the Electronic Submission of Fingerprint Cards to the FBI." Journal of Forensic Identification. 45 (4), 409-418. (1995)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: standards/fingerprints
Abstract: As the Federal Bureau of Investigation starts accepting electronically submitted fingerprints for processing and retention there is a need for a related set of standards. Over the past four years the FBI has developed the necessary standards for the exchange of electronic fingerprint data. Local, state and federal users of FBI identification services will need to understand and employ these standards just as they follow the current standards for cards, ink, etc.

Hilderbrand, Dwane S. "Casting Materials - Which One to Use!" Journal of Forensic Identification. 45 (6), 618-630. (1995)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: CSI/shoe prints

Hilderbrand, Dwane S. "Footwear, The Missed Evidence." The Print. 1995, 11 (5) , 6-13.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/110503.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: CSI/shoe prints
Notes: Reprinted from Chesapeake Examiner, Jan. `95.

Hirsch, Walter Ph. D. "Biological Aspects of Finger Prints." Fingerprint and Identification Magazine. 1964, 3-17.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: dermatoglyphics/LP
Abstract: In this paper, some of the basic aspects in the biological approach to dermatoglyphic research problems have been discussed. The different scope of biology as compared with identification techniques has been considered to some extent. The complicated interplay of many hereditary and environmental factors leading to the phenotypic manifestation of dermatoglyphic patterns has been analysed in the limits of present knowledge. (Abstracted from summary)

Hochrein, Michael J. "The Dirty Dozen: The Recognition and Collection of Toolmarks in the Forensic Geotaphonomic Record." Journal of Forensic Identification. 47 (2), 171-198. (1997)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: CSI/physical comparisons

Holbrook, Karen A. "A histological comparison of infant and adult skin." Neonatal Skin Structure and Function. Maibach, H. I., and E. K. Boisits eds. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1982. 3
Reference type: Book Chapter
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: dermatoglyphics/comparison

Holbrook, Karen A. "Structure and Development of the Skin." Pathophysiology of Dermatologic Diseases. Soter, Nicholas A. M. D., and Howard P. Baden eds. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991. 3-43.
Reference type: Book Chapter
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics

Hollars, Mitchell and Harless Cummings. Multimetal Deposition. (UnPub)
Reference type: Unpublished Work
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing
Abstract: Multimetal Deposition is a two-step process by which any type of specimen, prous or nonporous, wet or dry, may be processed for latent prints. The process may be used after all other processes except Zinc Chloride, and in lieu of Silver Nitrate and Physical Developer. (Published abstract)

Holt, James. Finger Prints Simplified. Chicago: Frederick J. Drake, 1932.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/fingerprints

Holt, Sarah B. Kugelmass, I. Newton, (Editor(s). The Genetics of Dermal Ridges. 1st ed. Springfield: Thomas, 1968.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: dermatoglyphics/genetics
Abstract: Extract from Introduction by L.S. Penrose
In recent years interest in the study o fermatoglyphic patterns on the hands and feet has been stimulated by advances in the understanding of growth disturbances connected with chromosomal aberrations. Dr. Holt's presentation should prove to be an invaluable aid to all those concerned in these new developments in human genetics.

Holt, Sarah B. Dermatoglyphics in Mongolism. 1969. New York. 1970.
Reference type: Conference Proceeding
Reprint: In File
Keywords: dermatoglyphics

Holt, Sarah B. "The Morphogenesis of Volar Skin." Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 12 (3), 369-371. (1970)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics
Abstract: A review of fetal dermatoglyphic research. The author comments on research by Cummins, Adams, Ford, Hale, Penrose, and critizes the work of Mulvihill and Smith.

Hoover, John Edgar. "The Role of Identification in Law Enforcement." Law Enforcement Bulletin. 1973, 8-13-29-30.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/scientific principles/history

Hoover, John Edgar. "Points of Identity in Latent Prints." The Print. 1994, 10 (7) , 7
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/100704.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison
Notes: Letter from J.E. Hoover dated March 12, 1958.

Horton, Mileson and Thomas Pembroke. Photo Crimes for You to Solve. Chicago: Consolidate Book, 1944
Reference type: Pamphlet
Reprint: In File

Howard, Larry B. "The Dichotomy of the Expert Witness." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 31 (1), 337-341. (1986)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/ethics/scientific principles/testimony
Abstract: The expert on either side is either right, partially right, wrong, or wrong and dishonest. Even strongly opposed testimony is not evidence of dishonesty, although it is clear at least one expert is wrong. Some differences are the result of legitimate differences of opinion. However, the author has identified several categories of testimony that show dishonest intent. It is clear that the growth of financial incentives has increased the number of cases in which there are opposing experts. If some kind of corrective action is not taken, expert witnesses will no longer be an effective force in the legal system. A multi disciplinary testimony review board separate from the ethics function is clearly one answer to the problem. (Published abstract)

Hoyser, Russel L. "An Alternative "G.R.I.T." Technique." Journal of Forensic Identification. 42 (3), 219-220. (1992)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/skin

Huber, R. A. "Expert Witnesses." Criminal Law Quarterly. 2 : 276-296. (1959)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File

Huber, R. A. "The Philosophy of Identification." Royal Canadian Mounted Police Gazette. 1972,
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP/comparison/testimony

Hughes, Graham. "Losing Sight of the Shore." Journal of Forensic Identification. 48 (5), 611-615. (1998)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison
Notes: This guest editorial appeared in Fingerprint Whorld 24(93), July `98. The paper was originally presented by the author at the Fingerprint Society Lectures in Leicester on March 28, 1998.

Huguenin, H. D. American & Henry Primary Fraction Charts for Finger Prints. Sing Sing Prison: 1920.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Hunter, Johnny L. "Fingerprint Evidence with Coomassie Blue -- After 25 Years." Journal of Forensic Identification. 44 (6), 617-622. (1994)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing

Hussain, Javaid I., et al. The Influence of Latent Fingerprint Detection Techniques on the Subsequent ABO and Gm/Km Typing of Dried Bloodstains. CRSE #590 1 p. 1985. Home Office.
Reference type: Report
Reprint: In File
Keywords: chemical processing/LP/bloodstain

Hussain, Javaid I. and Anthony Pounds. The Detection of Latent Fingerprints by Antibodies:
Progress in the Detection of ABH Blood Group Material by the Mixed Agglutination Technique. CRSE #554 1 p. 1985. Home Office.
Reference type: Report
Reprint: In File
Keywords: chemical processing/LP

Hussain, Javaid I. and Anthony Pounds. The Enhancement of Marks in Blood
Part II. A Modified Amido Black Staining Technique. CRSE #685 1 p. 1989. Home Office.
Reference type: Report
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing/blood prints

IAI. "Resolution VII." Identification News. Aug, 1979, XXIX (8) , 1
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: standards/comparison/scientific principles/testimony
Notes: See Resolution VII Amended Aug `80 Identification News
Abstract: WHEREAS the delegates of the International Association of the International Association for Identification, assembled in their 64th annual conference in Phoenix, Arizona, August 2, 1979, state unanimously that friction ridge identifications are positive, and officially oppose any testimony or reporting of possible, probable or likely friction ridge identification.
THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that any member, officer or certified latent print examiner who provides oral or written reports, or gives testimony of possible, probable, or likely friction ridge identification shall be deemed to be engaged in conduct unbecoming such member, officer or certified latent print examiner as described in Article XVII, Section 5, of the constitution of the International Association for Identification, and charges may be brought under such conditions set forth in Article XVII, Section 5, of the constitution. If such member be a certified latent print examiner, his conduct and status shall be reconsidered by the Latent Print Certification Board, and
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Secretary shall send a copy of this resolution to the Office of the Attorney General of the United States and to the Attorney General of each of the states as notification of the position of the International Association for Identification.

IAI. "Resolution VII Amended." Identification News. Aug, 1980, 3
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: standards/comparison/scientific principles/testimony
Abstract: NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that Resolution VII be amended to read:
WHEREAS the delegates of the International Association for Identification, assembled in their 64th annual conference in Phoenix, Arizona, August 2, 1979, state unanimously that friction ridge identifications are positive, and officially oppose any testimony or reporting of possible, probable or likely friction ridge identifications found on the hand and feet.
NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that any member, office or certified latent print examiner who initiates or volunteers oral or written reports or testimony of possible, probable or likely friction ridge identification, or who, when required in a judicial proceeding to provide such reports or testimony, does not qualify it with a a statement that the print in question could be that of someone else, shall be deemed to be engaged in conduct unbecoming such member, officer or certified latent print examiner as described in Article XVII, Section 5, of the constitution of the International Association for Identification, and charges may be brought under such conditions set forth in Article XVII, Section 5, of the constitution. If such member be a certified latent print examiner, his conduct and status shall be reconsidered by the Latent Print Certification Board, and
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Secretary shall send a copy of this resolution to the Office of the Attorney General of the United States and to the Attorney General of each of the states as notification of the position of the International Association for Identification.
Note: Changes in the original resolution are reflected in bold type.

Illsley, Charles. Juries, Fingerprints and the Expert Fingerprint Witness. FBI Academy, Quantico VA. Federal Bureau of Investigation. 1987.
Reference type: Conference Proceeding
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/testimony
Notes: Presentation at the International Symposium on the Latent Prints, hosted by the FBI at the FBI Academy, Quantico, VA, July 7 - 11, 1987.

Imamura, Mototsugu and Makoto Asahida. "Fingerprint Lifted from Cadaver Skin Surface." Identification News. 1981, 13-14.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/skin

Inbau, Fred E., Andre A. Moenssens, and Louis R. Vitullo. Scientific Police Investigation. Philadelphia: Chilton, 1972.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File

Irmak, MK and O. Ozcan. "Human diversity, environmental adaptation and neural crest." Medical Hypotheses. 48 (5), 407-410. (1997)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: dermatoglyphics/unique/anatomy
Abstract: The relationship between anatomical/physiological traits, environmental adaptaility and neural crest is described, and possible mechanisms leading to human diversity are suggested. It is concluded that environmental adaptation seems to be limited to those structures of neural crest origin.

Jackson, G. R. Computer Controlled Periphery Camera for Fingerprint Recording. 1 p.
Reference type: Report
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/image enhancement/photography/luminescence
Abstract: Periphery cameras have been used for many years to record cylindrical objects as flat planes. The commercially available instruments are bulky and fairly difficult to use and their use in forensic sciences has been limited.
Modern technology has been used to develop a camera that is more suited to forensic requirements. The use of microprocessor control has simplified its use and the instrument described has been used successfully to record the laser excited flourescence of latent fingerprints.

James, Jonathan D., Anthony Pounds, and Brian Wilshire. "Obliteration of Latent Fingerprints." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 36 (5), 51376-1386. (1991)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/powder
Abstract: Comprehensive trials have established that latent fingerprints can be rendered partially or totally unidentifiable during print development by the following:
a) ridge smearing, which depends on the type and age of the latent print and also on the type of brush and brushing procedures used, and
b) overpowdering and/or overbrushing of the print.
These causes of pattern obscuration are discussed in terms of their implications for fingerprint development procedures, since up to 10% of prints developed at crime scenes can be difficult or even impossible to identify. (Published abstract)

Jaret, Yvan, Michel Heriau, and Alain Donche. "Transfer of Bloody Fingerprints." Journal of Forensic Identification. 47 (1), 38-41. (1997)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/blood prints/chemical processing/fingerprints/unique
Abstract: A survey was conducted on the possible transfer of bloody fingerprints revealed or enhanced by leucocrystal violet (LCV), leucomalachite green (LMG), and diaminobenzidine (DAB), and to set up a unique transfer mode.

Johnson, Andrew and Chuck Pruitt. "Physical Evidence: Home Run in the Ninth Inning." Journal of Forensic Identification. 44 (3), 270-275. (1994)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/image enhancement/case report

Johnson, P. Lee. "Life of Latents." Fingerprint and Identification Magazine. 1972,
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/age determination

Joling, R. J. J. D. "Problems of Freedom and Responsibility in the Forensic Sciences." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 21 (4), 743-747. (1976)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/scientific principles/ethics

Jones, R. J. and Anthony Pounds. The Enhancement of Fingerprints Made in Blood. HOCRE #7 84 p. 1982. Home Office Central Research Establishment.
Reference type: Report
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/blood prints/chemical processing

Jones, Thomas. "Enhancement." The Print. 1996, 12 (2) , 1-2.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/120201.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison

Jones, Thomas. "Poor Poicy, Ignore...Justice Delayed." The Print. 1996, 12 (4) , 1-2.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/120401.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison

Jones, Thomas. "Inherited Characteristics in Fingerprints (or Theory of Relativity)." The Print. 1997, 13 (1) , 1-2.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/130101.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/genetics/comparison
Notes: Reprint from The Print, 4(5), Sept `91

Jones, Thomas. "Opinion vs. Conclusion." The Print. 1998, 14 (1) ,
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/140105.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison
Notes: Reprint from The Print, 4(5), Sept `91
Abstract: Letter to the editor

Jones, Thomas. "Footprint Comparison: Newborn." The Print. 1998, 14 (2) , 4-5.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/140202.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison

Jones, Thomas. "How Many Points Do You Need & Other Questions." The Print. 1998, 14 (3) ,
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/140302.htm
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison

Jorgensen. Distant Identification & One-Finger Registration. New York: 1923.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP

Joullie, Madeleine M. New Reagents for Development of Latent Fingerprints. 92-IJ-CX-K0154 1 p. 1995. National Institute of Justice.
Reference type: Report
Reprint: In File
Keywords: chemical processing/ninhydrin/LP

Jueneman, Frederic B. "Stick It To `Em." Identification News. 5,-15. (1982)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing/cyanoacrylate

Jumper, A. J. "Fluorescent Gentian Violet." The Print. 1996, 12 (4) , 10
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/120404.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing
Notes: Reprint from Texas Div. IAI Newsletter, Oct/Dec `95

Kaminski, Janusz. "Development of Fingerprints with Laser." Forensic Science International. 46 : 111-115. (1990)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/luminescence
Abstract: The results obtained in development of fingerprints with laser, which included effects caused by different beddings and various fluorescent agents used in tests, are presented in the paper. (Published abstract)

Keating, Dennis M. and John J. Miller. "A Technique for Developing and Photographing Ridge Impressions on Decomposed Water-soaked Fingers." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 38 (1), 197-202. (1993)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/post mortem identification

Keeton, Willaim T. "Introduction." Biological Science. 2nd ed. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1993. 1-11.
Reference type: Book Chapter
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics

Keijzer, Jan, Zeno Geradts, and Isaac Keereweer. "A Nationwide Classificaiton System for Shoe Outsoles Designs." Journal of Forensic Identification. 45 (1), 30-37. (1995)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: shoe prints
Abstract: A database for shoes and footwear impressions, named "REBEZO", was developed on a PC with Windows. The database contains video images and data related to footwear. The aim of this database is to find the manufacturer or brand name of the shoe that could have made a footwear impression found on the scene of crime. A new classification system has been developed for the classification of shoe soles of modern sport footwear.

Keith , Leroy V. and Wayne Runion. "Short-wave UV Imaging Casework Applications." Journal of Forensic Identification. 48 (5), 563-569. (1998)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing/luminescence
Abstract: Latent prints developed on multi-covered backgrounds such as magazine covers and photographs are difficult in themselves to visualize and photograph. The problem is worsened when the background also fluoresces under laser or alternate light. The use of Reflective Ultraviolet Imaging System (RUVIS) allows for the real-time viewing of this type of evidence in the short-wave UV spectrum.

Kendall, Frank G. "Super Glue Fuming for the Development of Latent Fingerprints." Identification News. 3-5. (1982)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/cyanoacrylate/chemical processing

Kendall, Frank G. "Rapid Method of Super Glue Fuming Application for the Development of Latent Fingerprints." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 28 (3), 777-780. (1983)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/cyanoacrylate/chemical processing
Abstract: A method for developing latent fingerprints on various problem surfaces has been in demand for many years. Super Glue fuming has met this challenge in resolving many of the frustrations of the latent fingerprint examiner. However, time is a factor that cannot be ignored and therefore this method is presented to minimize the time element between the introduction of the Super Glue in the fuming chamber and the actual development of the latent prints. Fuming is increased in a shortened period of time through the chemical reaction known as polymerization. The latent development time lapse is minimized to approximately 1h or less as opposed to several hours to several days described in the nonacclerant method. (Published abstract)

Kent, Terry. Rapsey, A. N., (Editor(s). The Manual of Fingerprint Development Techniques, abridged. London: Pub. Officer Home Office, 1988.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing

Kent, Terry. Recent Research on Superglue, Vacuum Metal Deposition and Fluorescence Examination. 1 p. 1990. Sandridge: Police Scientific Development Branch.
Reference type: Report
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/VMD/luminescence/chemical processing/cyanoacrylate

Kerr, F. Michael, et al. "Organic-Based Fluorescent Powders for Latent Fingerprint Detection on Smooth Surfaces: Part II." Canadian Society of Forensic Science. 16 (1), 39-44. (1983)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/powder/luminescence/cyanoacrylate
Abstract: A new class of organic base fluorescent powders can be used for developing fingerprints on nonporous surfaces (e.g., plastics, poly bags, glass, metals, etc.), multicoloured and coloured glossy surfaces. These powders are also extremely good for enhancing weak prints, developed with other commercially available powders or with cyanoacrylate esters. The prints developed with fluroescent powders show extremely high fluorescence under long wavelength UV light. (Published abstract)

Khoudair, Sam and Esther McKay. "Use of X-rays in Stolen Motor Vehicle Identification." Journal of Forensic Identification. 48 (6), 692-703. (1998)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: CSI

Kilgore, John. "International Association for Identification - Certified Latent Print Examiner (C.L.P.E.)." The Print. 1995, 11 (4) , 6-9.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/110403.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP
Notes: Reprinted from 4N6, Mar.`95

Kimble, Gary W. "Powder Suspension Processing." Journal of Forensic Identification. 46 (3), 273-280. (1996)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing

Kimes, David R. and Principe, Joseph C. The Effects of Superglue Fuming on Electrophoretically Determined Blood Group Genetic Markers: A Time Study. FBI. 1984.
Reference type: Conference Proceeding
Reprint: In File
Keywords: cyanoacrylate/chemical processing/bloodstain

Kimura, Sumiko and Tadashi Kitagawa. "Embryological Development of Human Palmar, Plantar, and Digital Flexion Creases." The Anatomical Record. 216 : 191-197. (1986)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics
Abstract: The aim of this study is to document the prenatal stages of development of the flexion creases on the surfaces of the human palm, sole, and digits. We used 160 human fetuses, 6-20 weeks of gestational age, to observe the morphological features of the hand and foot, as well as the period and location of the appearance of the flexion creases. We found that most creases develop concurrently with the appearance of the fetal volar pads and the rest develop independently of them. Furthermore, with some exceptions, the creases seem to develop independently of the flexion movements of hand and foot. (Published abstract)

Kimura, Sumiko and Blanka A. Schaumann. "Embryological Development and Prevalence of Thumb Flexion Creases." The Anatomical Record. 222 : 83-89. (1988)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics
Abstract: A study of the embryological development and morphology of the thumb flexion creases is presented. We used 178 human fetuses, at 6-20 weeks of gestational age, and 225 normal adults, aged 19-81 years, to observe the morphology and the timing and location of the appearance of the flexion creases. Most creases, that is, the regular, extra, and oblique creases, were found to develop concurrently with the appearnacd of the fetal volar pads, apparently independently of the thumb flexion movements. Although the regular creases usually appear to be simple, single creases, they seem to be formed by the radial and ulnar lateral crease segments that develop inward from each lateral side. Our observations also suggest that the oblique and extra creases on the proximal phalanz of the thumb should be considered as common or "regular" creases, rather thananomalies, because of their high frequency in fetuses and in normal healthy adults. (Published abstract)

Kimura, Sumiko, et al. "Embryological Development and Prevalence of Digital Flexion Creases." The Anatomical Record. 226 : 249-257. (1990)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics
Abstract: The embryological development and morphology of digital flexion creases were studied in 178 human embryos and fetuses 6-20 weeks of gestational age. The results suggest the existence of two types of digital flexion creases, that differ from each other in their development. The regular creases, with the exception of the distal crease of the proximal interphalangeal creases, and the oblique and extra creases of the irregular creases, develop concurrently with the appearance of the digital pads by about 11 weeks of gestation. The remaining creases, i.e., the distal crease of the proximal interphalangeal creases and the accessory crease develop later unrelated to the pads but, apparently, secondary to the flexion movements of the hand. Our observations further suggest that, because of their high frequencies, the oblique creases on the ulnar side of digits I and II andon the radial side of digit V and the extra creases on the proximal phalanx of digits I, III, and IV should be considered as "regular" creases.
Previously unreported pads were also found on the middle phalanges at about 11 weeks of gestation. Unlike the single, large pads with high evaluation, typically found on the distal phalanges, thoseon the middle phalanges are multiple, small, and only slightly elevated. This observation provides further support to the concept of the relationship between the fetal digital pads and the development of the epidermal ridge patterns. (Published abstract)

Kimura, Sumiko. "Embryologic development of flexion creases." Birth Defects Orig Artic Series. 27 (2), 113-129. (1991)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: genetics/dermatoglyphics
Abstract: Scientific interest in the palmar, plantar, and digital flexion creases has been related mainly to their aberrations in numerous congenital malformations and other medical disorders. Understanding of crease embryonal development is a prerequisite to the estimation of their potential significance in medical practice. While the timing of development of the flexion creases has now been established, their origin is less well understood. Both primary genetic determination and development secondary to flexion function have been suggested as the mechanisms underlying the crease development. The evidence offered has been mostly indirect, related to the timing of the onset of the fetal hand movement and the crease aberrations in malformed hands and fingers. More detailed studies, preferably including experimental designs in nonhuman fetuses, will be necessary to resolve the question of the origin of the flexion creases. In the meantime, it seems reasonable to assume that the flexion creases develop under genetic influences, in close morphologic relationship to the fetal volar pads. Early genetic and environmental factors causing hand malformations and alterations of the form or function of the hand, and occurring prior to the fetal crease development, may affect the developing flexion creases. The close correspondence between the appearance of the flexion creases and hand and digital movement (which, in turn, is associated with joint formation and muscular function) suggests that the same earlier factors are responsible for both crease development and flexion movement.

Kimura, Yoshitaka. "The Electronic Finger Printing Method." Fingerprint and Identification Magazine. 1965, 3-15.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/livescan

Kind, Stuart. Zandt, Eleanor Van, (Editor(s). Science Against Crime. Garden City: Doubleday, 1972.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: CSI/LP

Kingston, Charles R. Probabilistic Analysis of Partial Fingerprint Patterns. 1965. Ann Arbor: Xerox Corportation.
Reference type: Report
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP

Kingston, Charles R. and Paul L. Kirk. "Historical development and evaluation of the "12 point rule" in fingerprint identification." International Criminal Police Review. 1965, 20: 62-69.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/scientific principles/comparison/history
Notes: This material was taken from the dissertation prepared by Charles R. Kingston for the degree of Doctor of Criminology at the School of Criminology at the University of California in Berkeley.

Kirk, Paul L. "The Ontogeny of Criminalistics." The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science. 54 : 235-238. (1963)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/scientific principles

Kirk, Paul L. "The Interrelationship of Law and Science." Buffalo Law Review. 394 (1964)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: scientific principles

Kirk, Paul L. "The Relation of Probability to Physical Evidence." Crime Investigation
Physical Evidence and the Police Laboratory. 3 ed. New York: Interscience Publishers, 1965. 20-37.
Reference type: Book Chapter
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/scientific principles

Kirst, Don. "The Latent That Couldn't Be Lifted...And Was!" The Print. 1995, 11 (1) , 4
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/110101.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/case report
Notes: Reprint from Pacific Northwest Examiner, 3rd Quarter `94

Kish, Paul Erwin and Herbert Leon MacDonell. "Absence of Evidence is Not Evidence of Absence." Journal of Forensic Identification. 46 (2), 160-164. (1996)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/testimony/CSI

Klen, Rudolf Dr. "Purkinje-A Man of Science." Fingerprint and Identification Magazine. 1950,
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP/history

Knowles, A. M. "Aspects of Physicochemical Methods for the Detection of Latent Fingerprints." Journal of Physical Electronic Science Instrumentation. 11 : 713-721. (1978)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/history/excretion/physics
Abstract: This paper reviews physiochemical methods of detecting latent fingerprints on a wide range of materials commonly found at the scene of a crimes, with particular emphasis placed on the newer autoradiographic techniques. This is set against a description of studies on the fundamental nature of the latent fingerprint and its host substrate, with a brief review of the history of reagents used in latent fingerprint examination. (Published abstract)

Kobus, Hilton J., Milutin Stoilovic, and Ronald N. Warrener. "A Simple Luminescent Post-Ninhydrin Treatment for the Improved Visualisation of Fingerprints on Documents in Cases Where Ninhydrin Alone Gives Poor Results." Forensic Science International. 22 : 161-170. (1983)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/ninhydrin/luminescence
Abstract: Increased fingerprint ridge detail can be produced from ninhydrin prints on documents using a secondary chemical treatment. This involves conversion of the ninhydrin print into a luminescent metal complex by treatment with zinc chloride where even weak ninhydrin prints yield ridge detail which can be readily photographed. Several technical advances are offered in the present report which make it attractive to a range of fingerprint departments: (1) the treatment need not be carried out until normal ninhydrin (NFN) evaluation has been made; (2) the method does not require especially expensive equipment; (3) the luminescence is produced using a xenon arc lamp following cooling of the document print to liquid nitrogen temperatures; (4) a laser light source is not required; (5) prints can be recorded using normal photographic equipment; and (6) the method has been applied to casework studies. (Published abstract)

Kobus, Hilton J., Ronald N. Warrener, and Milutin Stoilovic. "Two Simple Staining Procedures Which Improve the Contrast and Ridge Detail of Fingerprints Developed with "Super Glue" (Cyanoacrylate Ester)." Forensic Science International. 23 : 233-240. (1983)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/cyanoacrylate/luminescence
Abstract: The use of cyanoacrylate ester vapour (Super Glue) has become a popular technique for the development of latent fingerprints. This paper describes two staining procedures for improving the contrast of weak Super Glue fingerprints based on the selective absorption of the stain by the polymerized Super Glue. One procedure uses Gentian Violet and is particularly suited to clear polythene. The other is a fluorescent method using a laser dye Coumarin 540 and is particularly suited to reflective surfaces such as aluminium foil and chrome. (Published abstract)

Koenig, Bruce E. and Steven B. Merrill. "Determination of the Frequency Characteristics of Filters." Journal of Forensic Identification. 45 (1), 51-68. (1995)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: image enhancement/forensic
Notes: See correction published, JFI, 45(2)
Abstract: The transfer function can be used in the forensic laboratory to precisely determine the frequency characteristics of electronic analog and digital filter. Included are sections on test procedures, examples, forensic applications, and theory.

Kogan, J. D. "On Being a Good Expert Witness in a Criminal Case." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 23 (1), 190. (1978)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File

Kosslyn, S. M. "Aspects of Cognitive Neuroscience of Mental Imagery." Science. 240 : 1621-1626. (1988)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File

Krile, Thomas F., et al. Applications of Image Processing in Criminalistics. 1 p. 1985. Lubbock, Texas: Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Texas Tech University.
Reference type: Report
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/image enhancement
Abstract: A review of some basic image processing techniques for enhancement and restoration of images is given. Both digital and optical approaches are discussed. Fingerprint images are used as examples to illustrate the various processing techniques and their potential applications in criminalistics. (Published abstract)

Krupowicz, Thomas E. Fingerprints, The Identity Factors. Terk Books & Publisher, IL, 1994.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: fingerprints
Abstract: The text is purported by the author to be an updated technical reference and a necessity for both the experience and novice identificaiton technician or latent print examiner, a review of the book by William Watling in JFI 45(4) found much of the material to be out of date, irrelevant and most importantly, inaccurate.

Kuhn, Kurt E. "The Fingerprint Science and Ridgeology." The Print. 1994, 10 (7) , 1-3.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/100701.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison

Kuhne, Frederick. The Finger Print Instructor. New York: Munn & Co., 1916.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/fingerprints/classification

LaMarche, Stephen J. "Mini Mag Camera Mount." Journal of Forensic Identification. 47 (1), 34-37. (1997)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: CSI/photography

Lambourne, Gerald. "Pattern Diagnosis and Standardization in Dermatoglyphics." Identification News. 1983, 3-8.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics

Lambourne, Gerald. The Fingerprint Story. London: Harrap, 1984.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/fingerprints

Lane, Alfred T. M. D. "Morphological Development of the Skin and its Appendages." Genetic Disorders of the Skin. Alper, Joseph C. M. D. ed. St. Louis: Mosby, 1990. 30-33.
Reference type: Book Chapter
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/genetics/dermatoglyphics
Abstract: The skin is a complex organ containing cells of different developmental origin. The epidermis evolves from a single ectodermal layer, while the dermis develops from the mesoderm. In the beginning of the second month of gestation the epithelium becomes bilaminar with the development of a periderm that covers the solitary layer of ecotodermal cells. Through the subsequent development of the skin the epidermal-dermal interaction induces the formation of hair follicles, eccrine sweat glands, sebaceous sweat glands, and apocrime sweat glands. In addition to the keratinocyte, the mature epidermis is composed of melanocytes, Merkel's cells, and Langerhans' cells. This chapter will review the current state of knowledge of skin morphogenesis and the development of the individual celss within the epidermis. (Abstract quoted from text)

Larson, J. A. Single Fingerprint System. New York: D. Appleton, 1924.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/classification

Laska, Paul R. "Forensic Search of a Landfill." Journal of Forensic Identification. 46 (1), 7-12. (1996)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/CSI/case report/safety

Laufer, Berthold. History Fingerprint System. 631 p. 1918. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
Reference type: Report
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: history/LP

Leadbetter, Martin. "Fingerprint Evidence Standard - Significant Milestone in the Change to a Non-Numerical Standard." The Print. 1998, 14 (6) , 1-7.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/140601.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison
Notes: Reprint from Fingerprint Whorld, 24(94), Oct`98

Lee, C. D. "Easy to Detect Finger Print Forgeries." Fingerprint and Identification Magazine. 1928, 16-18.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/forged evidence

Lee, Henry C. and R. E. Gaensslen. "Cyanoacrylate Fuming." Identification News. 1984, 8-14.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: cyanoacrylate/LP/chemical processing

Lee, Henry C. and R. E. Gaensslen. Physical Evidenc and Forensic Science. Connecticut State Police, 1986.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: CSI

Lee, Henry C., et al. "The Effect of Presumptive Test, Latent Fingerprint and Some Other Reagents and Materials on Subsequent Seological Identification, Genetic Marker and DNA Testing in Bloodstains." Journal of Forensic Identification. 39 (6), 339-358. (1989)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/bloodstain/chemical processing
Abstract: Dried bloodstains on cotton cloth were subjected to contamination with a variety of presumptive test, fingerprint enhancement and some other reagents and materials that may be used at crime scenes or encountered in bloodstains submitted to the laboratory for serological examination. The effects of these chemicals and materials on species determination, ABH antigen and isoenzyme typing, and DNA analysis were studied. A number of treatments had detrimental or destructive effects on subsequent serological testing. It is suggested that direct application of these potentially harmful chemicals and reagents to dried bloodstain evidence be avoided. If crime scene and laboratory personnel are aware of the the potential problems, no difficulty should be encountered in obtaining both serological results and fingerprint identification information from the same item of evidence.

Lee, Henry C. and R. E. Gaensslen. Lee, Henry C. and Gaensslen, R. E., (Editor(s). Advances in Fingerprint Technology. New York: Elsevier, 1991.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/history/fingerprints

Lehar, Alex F. and R. J. Stevens. "Image Processing System for Enhancement and Deblurring of Photographs." Optical Engineering. 23 (3), 303-308. (1984)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: image enhancement
Abstract: This paper describes an image processing system that is in operational use for the extraction of latent information from degraded photographs arising in routine police work. A wide range of spatial domain and Fourier domain techniques to both diagnose and correct for various picture problesm are described. The enhancement methods discussed include contrast enhancement, noise filtering, digital color filtering, perspective correction, adaptive Fourier filtering to remove background patterns, and image deblurring. Color images are treated by operating on the separated red, green and blue (R,G,B) components, and novel encoding scheme is used to enable the display of color pictures on a standard 8-bit frame store. These techniques have been developed for, and applied to, operational rather than laboratory-generated images. A brief description is given of the hardware that is used, which incorporates an array processor to enhance computational speed, a high quality microdensitometer for digitizing images, and a digital frame store for final display. The system has been configured to give an operator as much interactive control as possible. (Published abstract)

Lehar, Alex F. "Operational Trial for Photographic Enhancement." unk. 12-17. (1985)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: image enhancement
Abstract: A practical system for improving the quality of photographs is now in operation at the HOme Office Scientific Research and Development Branch (SRDB) at Sandridge. Many operational photographs have already been successfully treated by this system, and now a full scale operational trial is being set up in order to quantify the demand for this service throughout the U.K. The article explains what kinds of photographic improvements are possible with this equipment and outlines what operational impact has already been experienced.

Lennard, Christopher J. and Pierre A. Margot. "Sequencing of Reagents for the Improved Visualization of Latent Fingerprints." Journal of Forensic Identification. 38 (5), 197-210. (1988)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing
Notes: This article is an expanded version of information presented at the International Forensic Symposium on Latent Prints, FBI Academy, Quantico, VA, July 1987.

Leo, William F. "Friction Skin Identification - A Scientific Approach." The Print. 1994, 10 (3) , 1-3.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/100301.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison/skin

Leo, William F. "Dissimilarities and Distortion in Friction Skin Identification." The Print. 1994, 10 (5) , 1-2.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/100501.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison

Leo, William F. "What's Your Price." The Print. 1995, 11 (6) , 13
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/110605.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison/ethics

Leo, William F. "Identification Standards - The Quest for Excellence." The Print. 1996, 12 (1) , 14
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/120102.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison
Notes: Reprint from Calif. Ident. Digest, Dec. `95

Leo, William F. "Distortion Versus Dissimilarity in Friction Skin Identification." Journal of Forensic Identification. 48 (2), 125-129. (1998)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison/skin
Abstract: For many years, a premise has been accepted in the field of friction skin identification that in order to have a valid identification, the print in question must be void of any dissimilarities. This information has been documented in a number of classic tests on friction skin identification. However, this information only partially addresses the issue of dissimilarities. The other side of the coin is that dissimilarities will not be found in prints that are the same. This important fact is rarely addressed in literature on fingerprint identification.

Lin, C. H., et al. "Fingerprint Comparison I: Similarity of Fingerprints." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 27 (2), 290-304. (1982)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics

Lind, Wally and Dan Carlson. "Recovery of Semen from Chewing Gum in an Oral Sexual Assault." Journal of Forensic Identification. 45 (3), 280-282. (1995)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: CSI/serology

Llewellyn, Paul E. Jr. and Laura Scott Dinkins. "A New Use for an Old Friend." Journal of Forensic Identification. 45 (5), 498-503. (1995)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: cyanoacrylate/shoe prints

Lohnes, R. C. Infant Footprint Identification by Flexure Creases. Jun, 87 A.D. Washington, DC. US Gov. Printing Office. 1987.
Reference type: Conference Proceeding
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison/forensic
Notes: Proceedings of the International Forensic Symposium on Latent Prints

Lonetree, Luther. "Separation of Multiple Impressions Using a Four Color Proofing Process." Journal of Forensic Identification. 45 (1), 19-24. (1995)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File

Loth, David. Crime Lab: Science Turns Detective. New York: Julian Messner, 1964.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File

Lucas, Douglas M. "The Ethical Responsibilities of the Forensic Scientist: Exploring the Limits." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 34 (3), 719-729. (1989)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/ethics/scientific principles/testimony
Abstract: This paper explores the ethical conflicts which confront the scientist working in the criminal justice field. Pressures to expand the sphere of conduct considered ethical may come from involvement with law enforcement and with the adversary system. Limits to this sphere, it is argued, are imposed by the ethics of science and individual morality. (Published abstract)

Lugt, Cornelis van der. "Determining a Person's Height Based Upon the Vertical Distance of a Located Earprint." Journal of Forensic Identification. 47 (4), 406-407. (1997)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: CSI/physical comparisons

Maberry, Joe. "Ardrox Dye Stain of A Cyanoacrylate Ester Fume Developed Latent Print Presents Specific Photographic Problems." The Print. 1996, 12 (31) , 1-2.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/120301.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison/cyanoacrylate/photography

MacArthur, John W. "Reliability of Dermatoglyphics in Twin Dianosis." Human Biology a record of research. Baltimore: John Hopkins Press, 1938. 10. 12-35.
Reference type: Book Chapter
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics/twins
Abstract: The main purpose of this study was to develop a quantitative and wholly objective method of comparing finger and palm, toe and sole, prints or print formulae, so that the degree of likeness in the dermatoglyphics as a whole between two individuals or between the hands or feet of an individual may be more precisely stated. (Quoted from introduction)

Mack, GR, RJ Neviaser, and JN Wilson. "Free palmar skin grafts for resurfacing digital defects." J Hand Surg [Am}. 6 (6), 565-567. (1981)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: altered
Abstract: Since 1968, lost skin from the volar aspects of digits has been replaced by full-thickness skin grafts from the thenar area in 40 patients. Durable coverage was obtained in all. No morbidity occurred in the donor site.

Mack, Huey A., Jr. "Identification of Victims: The Beginning of a Homicide Investigation." Journal of Forensic Identification. 45 (5), 510-512. (1995)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/case report

Maclean, B. A. "The Laser in Alberta." Royal Canadian Mounted Police Gazette. 47 (5), 15-18. (1985)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/luminescence
Abstract: Laser light is shing brightly in Alberta. For the last three years Alberta police forces have ahd the opportunity to have laser examination conducted within the province. These examinations ahve been conducted at the University of Alberta by the writer and the program has proven to be extremely valuable and successful. In the last year, three homicides have been solved directly through the use of laser and it has proven its worth on numerous drug cases, break and enters and other criminal code matters. Exhibtis handled have included guns, knives, paper, plastics, money, wood, treees and cadavers.

Mairs, G. Tyler. "Identification of Individuals by Means of Fingerprints, Palmprints and Soleprints." The Scientific Monthly. 1918, 7 (4) , 299-319.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP
Notes: Contains a review of the "Wilder Hypothesis" with original illustrations and quotations from Mrs. H.H. Wilder's paper on the evolution of finger patterns.

Mairs, G. Tyler. Fingerprint Study Data. New York: Delehanty Institute, 1938.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP

Mairs, G. Tyler. "Can Two Identical Ridge Patterns Actually Occur--Either on Different Persons or on the Same Person?" The Print. 1994, 10 (4) , 3-7.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/100402.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Notes: Reprinted from FP.I. Mag. 27(5), Nov`45

Mallory, Frank Shoberger. "A Slow-reacting Catalyst for Cyanoacrylate Fuming." Journal of Forensic Identification. 45 (6), 651-653. (1995)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing/cyanoacrylate

Marks, Ronald. "The Skin as an Organ of Protection." Pathophysiology of Dermatologic Diseases. Soter, Nicholas A. M. D., and Howard P. Baden eds. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991. 57-65.
Reference type: Book Chapter
Reprint: In File
Keywords: dermatoglyphics

Martin, Kenneth F. "Laterally-reversed Transfers of Latent Fingeprints Upon Non-porous Surfaces." Journal of Forensic Identification. 44 (5), 530-541. (1994)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing/comparison/fingerprints
Abstract: Several cases have been reported in which laterally-reversed latent fingerprints have been recovered in the examination of various items. One such case was encountered by the Massachusetts State Police. The detection of this laterally-reversed, transferred latent fingerprint prompted a study into the potential for such transfer to occur with a selection of tapes and a variety of surfaces.

Mashiko, Kenzo and Takashi Miyamoto. "Latent Fingerprint Processing by the Ruthenium Tetroxide Method." Journal of Forensic Identification. 48 (3), 279-290. (1998)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing/fingerprints
Notes: See Letter to editor JFI 48(5) re: safety issues
Abstract: The method proposed in this paper for developing latent fingerprints is based on the fact that ruthenium tetroxide (Ru0₄) fumes react promptly with various organic compounds, particularly fatty oils or fats contained in sebaceous contaminants in latent print residue, producing brownish black or black ruthenium dioxide (Ru0₂). Ruthenium tetroxide is a yellow, volatile crystal (melting point: 25.5^oC, boiling point: 100.8^oC) at room temperature. Conventional methods using RTX have been impractical due to its strong oxidizability and because, in the two-liquid method, it is trouble-some to produce the fumes when needed and in the necessary amounts. In this method, this difficulty was overcome by utilizing a saturated hydrocarbon halogenid solution of RTX.

Masters, Nancy. Safety for the Forensic Identification Specialist. Lightning Powder Company, Or., 1995.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/forensic/safety

Masters, Nancy and John D. DeHaan. "Vacuum Metal Deposition and Cyanoacrylate Detection of Older Latent Prints." Journal of Forensic Identification. 46 (1), 32-46. (1996)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/cyanoacrylate/VMD/chemical processing/powder
Abstract: Vacuum Metal Deposition (VMD) is often considered a supplemental technique to enhance marginal latent prints partially developed by cyanoacrylate fuming, especially of prints of recent vintage.
This study examined the sensitivity and effectiveness of cyanoacrylate ester (CAE) fuming followed by vacuum metal (zinc) coating of smooth surfaces bearing latent prints up to 24 months old. Prints were collected on glass slides from a variety of people selected at random and stored at moderate temperatures for various lengths of time. The slides were treated by CAE fuming alone, VMD alone, and by fuming and VMD in sequence. The effectiveness of these techniques on prints of various ages from different individuals was estimated by direct optical examination of the results. The effects of re-humidifying the latent residues and black powder dusting were also explored. The latent residues and the developed prints were examined by scanning electron microscope to attempt characterization of the types of residues responsible for triggering VMD and CAE visualization.

Matharu, S. S., J. R. Russell, and Ken E. Creer. "Computer Controlled Scanner for Laser Enhanced Photography." Forensic Science International. 21 : 197-201. (1983)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: luminescence/photography/LP
Abstract: The use of a scanner to control the photography of fingerprints, shoeprints and other trace contacts which fluoresce under irradiation from an argon ion laser is described. This scanner has been built to cover areas varying in size form a single fingerprint to a shoeprint and provides for variable speed, step size and angle of radiation which are all very important in this highly specialised area of photography. (Published abstract)

Mavalwala, Jamshed. Mavalwala, Jamshed, (Editor(s). Dermatoglyphics: An International Bibliography. Paris: Mouton, 1977.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics

Mavalwala, Jamshed. Mavalwala, Jamshed, (Editor(s). Dermatoglyphics: An International Perspective. Paris: Mouton, 1978.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics

Mavalwala, Jamshed. "Dermatoglyphics: Looking Forward to the 21st Century." Progress in Dermatoglyphic Research. Bartsocas, Christos S. ed. New York: Alan R. Liss, 1982. 13-23.
Reference type: Book Chapter
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics
Notes: Based on the Proceedings of an International Conference on Dermatoglyphics, Athens, Greece. September 20-23, 1981

May, Robert E. Identification Photography. Washington: Govt. Printing Office, 1989
Reference type: Pamphlet
Reprint: In File
Keywords: photography

Mayer, S. W., C. P. Meilleur, and P. F. Jones. "The Use of Ortho-phthaladehyde for Superior Fluorescent Visualization of Latent Fingerprints." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 18 : 233-235. (1978)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/luminescence
Abstract: In this note we report the encouraging results of a preliminary evaluation of the use of ortho-phthalaldehyde and a Babington nebulizer to create a spray for the fluorescent visualization of latent fingerprints on large area surfaces at crime scenes. The spray can provide very good resolution of minutiae in visualizing latent fingerprints on paper with advantages over fluorescamine in rapidity, cost, and convenience. Further work needed to establish the best procedures for its use is identified. (Published abstract)

Mazzella, Williams D. and Christopher J. Lennard. "An Additonal Study of Cyanoacrylate Stains." Journal of Forensic Identification. 45 (1), 5-18. (1995)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: cyanoacrylate/LP/chemical processing

McBride, Donald F. "Disease Inheritance and Race Determination by Fingerprints." The Print. 1995, 11 (2) , 5-7.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/110203.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics
Notes: Reprint from Ident News, Aug `87, 11-12

McCarthy, Mary M. and David L. Grieve. "Preprocessing with Cyanoacrylate Ester Fuming for Fingerprint Impressions in Blood." Journal of Forensic Identification. 39 (1), 23-39. (1988)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: cyanoacrylate/LP/blood prints

McCarthy, Mary M. "Evaluation of Ardrox as a Luminescent Stain for Cyanoacrylate Processed Latent Impressions." Journal of Forensic Identification. 40 (2), 75-80. (1990)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/cyanoacrylate/chemical processing

McDonald, Hugh C. and Harry W. Rogers. The Classification of Police Photographs. 1st ed. Los Angeles: Devorss, 1941.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File

McEvoy, Dick. "Ninhydrin Fingerprint Photography." Log 911. 1986, VIII (1) , 2
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: ninhydrin/LP/photography

McKasson, Stephen C. and Carol A. Richards. Speaking as an Expert. 1st ed. Springfield: Charles Thomas, 1998.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: comparison/ethics/LP/scientific principles/unique/testimony

McMahon, Pierre. "Procedure to Develop Latent Prints on Thermal Paper." The Print. 1998, 14 (2) , 4
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/140203.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing

McRoberts, Alan L. Current and Future Use of Image Processing. FBI Academy, Quantico VA. Federal Bureau of Investigation. 1986.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/mcroberts1986.pdf
Reference type: Conference Proceeding
Reprint: In File
Keywords: image enhancement/LP
Notes: Presentation at the International Symposium on the Forensic Applications of Digital Image Processing, hosted by the FBI at the FBI Academy, Quantico, VA, June 16-20, 1986.

McRoberts, Alan L. Digital Image Processing as a Means of Enhancing Latent Fingerprints. Washington D.C. US Gov. Printing Office. 1987.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/mcroberts1987.pdf
Reference type: Conference Proceeding
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/image enhancement/forensic
Notes: Proceedings of the International Forensic Symposium on Latent Prints

McRoberts, Alan L. and Kurt E. Kuhn. "A Review of the Case Report - "Determining the Evaporation Rate of Latent Impressions on the Exterior Surfaces of Aluminum Beverage Cans"." Journal of Forensic Identification. 42 (3), 213-218. (1992)
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/jfi42-3.html
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: age determination/LP/scientific principles
Notes: Schwabenland, J.F., "Determining the Evaporation Rate of Latent Impressions on the Exterior Surfaces of Aluminum Beverages Cans," Journal of Forensic Identification, 42(2), 1992, pp 84-90.
Abstract: The field of friction ridge skin identification is a complex subject. It involves a variety of sciences, empirical knowledge, and jurisprudence. Occasionally, identification personnel with limited training and experience can be misdirected by individuals who lack the thorough understanding of all these various aspects. The case report in review, with the limited scope of its research, illustrates the problem of opinions and guidance by persons lacking the complete and integrated knowledge of the entire subject area.

McRoberts, Alan L. "Fingerprints: What Can and Can Not Be Done." The Print. 1994, 10 (6) , 1-2.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/100601.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/fingerprints/testimony/age determination
Notes: The following paper was the text of a presentation at a training seminar for Los Angeles County Deputy District Attorneys on November 14, 1992.

McRoberts, Alan L. "Nature Never Repeats Itself." The Print. 1996, 12 (5) , 1-3.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/120501.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/testimony/unique

McRoberts, Alan L. "The Examination of Fingerprints." The Print. 1997, 13 (5) , 6-7.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/130502.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/testimony/comparison

McRoberts, Alan L. "Is Friction Ridge Identification a Science." The Print. 1998, 14 (1) , 4-5.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/140103.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/scientific principles

Meese, Edwin III. Keynote Address to 73rd Educational Conference, International Association for Identification. <None Specified> . 1988.
Reference type: Generic
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/forensic

Mehta, M. K. Identification of Thumb Impressions & Cross Examination of Finger Print Experts. Bombay: Tripathi-Private, 1980.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP

Menzel, Roland E. and Zoran D. Popovic. "Picosecon-resolution Fluorescence Lifetime Measuring System with a CW Laser and a Radio." Review Scientific Instrumentation. 49 (1), 39-43. (1978)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP/luminescence/chemical processing

Menzel, Roland E. and J. M. Duff. "Laser Detection of Latent Fingerprints-Treatment with Florescers." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 24 (1), 96-100. (1979)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/luminescence/chemical processing

Menzel, Roland E. and K. E. Fox. "Laser Detection of Latent Fingerprints: Preparation of Fluorescent Dusting Powders and the Feasiblity of a Portable System." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 25 (1), (1980)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/luminescence/chemical processing

Menzel, Roland E. Fingerprint Detection with Lasers. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1980.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/luminescence

Menzel, Roland E. "Laser Detection of Latent Fingerprints on Skin." Identification News. 1982, 3-6.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP/luminescence/skin

Menzel, Roland E. "Laser Detection of Latent Fingerprints on Skin." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 1982, 27 (4) , 918-922.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing/skin/fingerprints/powder
Abstract: Latent fingerprints on skin can be developed by dusting them with fluorescent powders or evaporative staining with fluorescent dyes, followed by laser examination. On dead skin, latent fingerprints could be developed by evaporative staining over time spans up to two days after deposition.

Menzel, Roland E., et al. "Laser Detection of Latent Fingeprints: Treatment with Glue Containing Cyanoacrylate Ester." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 28 (2), 307-317. (1983)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/cyanoacrylate/luminescence

Menzel, Roland E. "A Guide to Laser Latent Fingeprint Development Procedures." Identification News. 7-10. (1983)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP/luminescence/chemical processing

Menzel, Roland E. "A Perspective of the Fingeprint Field." Identification News. 1983, 5-7.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP/luminescence/chemical processing

Menzel, Roland E., et al. "Room Light and Laser Development of Latent Fingerprint with Enzymes." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 29 (1), 99-109. (1984)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/luminescence/chemical processing

Menzel, Roland E. "Latent Fingerprint Development with Lasers." American Standards and Testing Material. 1985, 34-37.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP/luminescence/chemical processing

Menzel, Roland E. and Joseph Ph. D. Almog. "Latent Fingerprint Development by Frequency-Doubled Neodymium: Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (ND: YAG) Laser: Benzo(f)ninhydrin." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 30 (2), 371-382. (1985)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/luminescence/chemical processing

Menzel, Roland E. "Laser Detection of Latent Fingerprints: tris(2,2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium (II) chlorid hexahydrate as a staining dye for time-resolved imaging." SPIE. 910 : 45-51. (1988)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP/luminescence/image enhancement

Menzel, Roland E. "Pretreatment of Latent Prints for Laser Development." Forensic Science Review. 1 (1), 44-66. (1989)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP/luminescence/chemical processing

Menzel, Roland E. "Detection of Latent Fingerprints by Laser-Excited Luminescence." Analytical Chemical. 61 (8), 557-561. (1989)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP/luminescence/chemical processing

Menzel, Roland E. and Keith E. Mitchell. "Intramolecular Energy Transfer in the Europium-Ruhemann's Purple Complex: Application to Latent Fingerprint Detection." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 35 (1), 35-45. (1990)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/luminescence/chemical processing

Menzel, Roland E., Richard Bartsch, and Johnny L. Hallman. "Fluorescent Metal-Ruhemann's Purple Coordination Compounds: Applications to Latent Fingerprint Detection." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 35 (1), 25-34. (1990)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/luminescence/chemical processing

Menzel, Roland E. "On the Identification of Fingerprints." Journal of Forensic Identification. 47 (1), 29. (1997)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison/standards
Notes: Guest Editorial

Merrill, Steven B. and Bruce E. Koenig. "Analysis of Hang-Up Transients for the Same Model Telephone." Journal of Forensic Identification. 46 (3), 294-322. (1996)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File

Meylan, Nicolas, Christopher J. Lennard, and Pierre A. Margot. "Use of a Gaseous Electrical Discharge to Induce Luminescence in Latent Fingerprints." Forensic Science International. 45 : 73-83. (1990)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: luminescence/LP/cyanoacrylate
Abstract: A novel technique has been developed for the induction of luminescence in latent fingerprints. A geseous electrical discharge (20 000 V) followed by treatment with the vapours formed by heating ammonium hydrogen carbonate induces UV excited luminescence in latent prints. Good results have been achieved on a number of surfaces and the technique is effective on fresh prints as well as prints up to several weeks of age. Developed prints have remained luminescent over a year after initial treatment and the method does not prohibit the subsequent application of conventional fingerprint development techniques. It can also be used to induce luminescence in prints developed with cyanoacrylate. (Published abstract)

Midkiff, Charles R. "Soft Fonts, It's Not Kansas and We Aren't Picking Daisies Anymore." Journal of Forensic Identification. 44 (5), 521-529. (1994)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: QD

Migron, Yoelit and Daniel Mandler. "Determination of the Shape of Fingerprints with a Profilometer." Journal of Forensic Identification. 48 (1), 12-16. (1998)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison

Millard, K. Developments on Automatic Fingerprint Recognition. 173 p. 1983.
Reference type: Report
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/AFIS
Abstract: By the mid-70's, work on Automatic Fingerprint Recognition had progressed to the astage where an experimental system for searching scenes of crime (latent) prints had been built and tested. The success of this system led to the development of a pilot opertional system using standard computer hardware on which trials were conducted by a joint Home Office/Metropolitan Police Project Team and plans are now well advanced for the installation of a similar, but fully operational system in New Scotland Yard by the end of 1983. (Published abstract)

Miller, James R. Ph. D. "Dermal ridge patterns: Technique for their study in human fetuses." The Journal of Pediatrics. 73 (4), 614-616. (1968)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics
Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to develop techniques to permit formulation in fetuses of those dermal patterns which are useful in clinical studies of malformed individuals postnatally. Such techniques would permit more detailed examination of stillborn and spontaneously aborted fetuses and might lead to the diagnosis of conditions that would be of significance in counseling parents regarding the outcome of subsequent pregancies. (Quoted from introduction)

Miller, James R. Ph. D. "Dermatoglyphics." The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 60 (6), 435-442. (1973)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics/genetics/anomaly
Abstract: The author discusses a few topics on the genetics of dermatoglyphics which represent areas that need further investigation.

Miller, James R. Ph. D. "Dermatoglyphics." Morphogenesis and Malformation of the Skin. Blandau, Richard J. ed. March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation, 1981. XVII. 67-78.
Reference type: Book Chapter
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics

Miller, Jerry. "Bullet Hole Casting." Journal of Forensic Identification. 45 (5), 515-518. (1995)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: CSI/firearms

Miller, M. R. "The pattern of cutaneous innervation of human hand." Am.J.Anat. 102 : 183-217. (1958)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File

Miller, Richard D. "Recovery of Usable Fingerprint Patterns from Damaged Postmortem Friction Ridge Skin." Journal of Forensic Identification. 45 (6), 602-605. (1995)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/post mortem identification

Miller, Robert A. Jr. "Lueco Crystal Violet: A Simple, Effective Blood Enhancement Reagent." The Print. 1996, 12 (4) , 11
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/120405.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing
Notes: Reprint from Arizona Identification Council, Oct/Dec`95

Milligan, Jack. "Physical Developer After 13 Years." Identification News. 10,-12. (1987)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing

Millimaki, Robert H. Fingerprint Detective. 1st ed. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1973.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/juvenile literature

Mishoe, David C. "Identification of a Suspect by Skin Fragment: Comparison of Shape, Size, and Ridge Flow." Journal of Forensic Identification. 43 (3), 234-239. (1993)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison

Misumi, Y. and Toshio Akiyoshi. "Scanning electron microsopic structure of the finger print as related to the dermal surface." The Anatomical Record. 208 (1), 49-55. (1984)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: dermatoglyphics/LP
Abstract: This paper aims to clarify the relationship of the dermis to epidermal ridge configuration. After fixation, human fingertip epidermis was peeled off from the dermis by alkaline treatment, and the dermal surface was observed with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SEM pattern of furrows, grooves, and papillae showed an exact negative fingerprint image. Papillae had various sizes and complicated shapes and were arranged continuously but irregularly on each side of the furrow. Size and shape variabilities were not dependent on the site of the fingerprint region. The papilla number tended to increase with age due to derivation of secondary papillae from the primary papilla as well as new formation of small papillae. The dermal surface exhibited some sitespecific fibrous appearance at the furrow and papilla, whereas the surface was smooth at the groove. The characteristics of the dermal surface structure as related to the epidermis can be explained by a stronger dermisepidermis adhesion at the furrow than at the papilla or at the groove. (Published abstract)

Mock, James P. Super Glue Fuming Techniques - A Comparison Between Methods of Acceleration. 1 p. 1985. Torrance, CA: Torrance Police Department.
Reference type: Report
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing/cyanoacrylate
Abstract: Development of latent prints with the fumes from cyanoacrylate ester adhesives has been in widespread use since 1978, when personnel of the U.S. Army Crime Lab in Japan where introduced to the technique by criminalists of the Japanese National Police. Throughout the past six years research has been ongoing, providing us with the two main fuming methods that are in use today: acceleration by cotton pads treated with sodium hydroxide, or accelerationwith heat. Most other methods available today are variations on these two methods. While both of these methods and their variations have provided very good results, they have also provided a number of advantages and/or disadvantages in their use as accelerants for cyanoacrylate ester fuming. (Quoted from introduction)

Mock, James P. Courtroom Testimony and the Cyanoacrylate Technique. Loctite Corporation, 1985
Reference type: Pamphlet
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/testimony/cyanoacrylate

Mock, James P. Super Glue Fuming Workshop Notebook. 1 p. 1985.
Reference type: Report
Reprint: In File
Keywords: cyanoacrylate/LP

Mock, James P. "Prosthetic Fingerprints." Identification News. Jan, 1986, 3
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP/comparison

Mock, James P. Basic Latent Print Development. Salem: Ligthning Powder Company, 1993.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/powder

Moenssens, Andre A. Fingerprints and the Law. Philadelphia: Chilton, 1969.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/testimony

Moenssens, Andre A. "Poroscopy - Identification by Pore Structure." Fingerprint and Identification Magazine. Jul, 1970,
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP/comparison

Moenssens, Andre A. "Testifying as a Fingerprint Witness." Fingerprint and Identification Magazine. 1972, 3-18.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/testimony
Abstract: This presentation was address delivered by Prof. Moenssens at the the 57th annual conference of the International Association for Identification in Milwaukee, Wis., on Aug. 1 1972. The author shares a few thoughts on the philosophy of testifying.

Moenssens, Andre A. "The Fingerprint Witness in Court." Fingerprint and Identification Magazine. 1973, 3-15.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/testimony
Abstract: A review of several questions that the Fingerprint expert should be comfortable in answering. The issues range from forgeries to number of points.

Moenssens, Andre A. Fingerprint Techniques. 2nd ed. Radnor: Chilton, 1975.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/history/comparison/testimony
Abstract: The author, Andre Moenssens, is a lawyer and this makes his books about fingerprints of importance to the testifying expert. His credentials are favored by attorneys and his books relating to fingerprints are frequently referenced in court. While the book has good chapters on history and classification, the chapter dealing with fingerprint comparisons lacks detail or specific guidelines and some viewpoints are debatable.

Moenssens, Andre A. and Fred E. Inbau. Scientific Evidence in Criminal Cases. 2nd ed. Mineola: Foundation Press, 1978.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/testimony

Monsoor, Doug. "Do The `Facts' Tell the Whole Story?" The Print. 1996, 12 (6) , 1-2.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/120601.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP
Notes: Reprint from Identification Canada, 18(3), 1995

Montagna, W. The Structure and Function of Skin. Academic Press, 1974.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: skin/dermatoglyphics/anatomy

Montgomery, Robert B. "Sole Prints of Newborn Babies." American Journal of Medical Sciences. CLXIX (6), 830. (1925)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics

Montgomery, Robert B. "Sole Patterns - A Study of the Footprints of Two Thousand Individuals." The Anatomical Record. 33 (2), (1926)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics

Montgomery, Robert B. "Sole Patterns of Twins." Biological Bulletin. L (4), (1926)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP/twins/dermatoglyphics

Mooney, Dennis J. "Fingerprints on Human Skin." Identification News. Feb, 1977, 5-8.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/skin

Moore, Raymond T. "An Analysis of Ridge-to-Ridge Distance on Fingerprints." Journal of Forensic Identification. 39 (4), 231-238. (1989)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/skin/comparison
Abstract: The distance from the center of one friction skin ridge to the center of the ridge next to it is quite variable in different regions of a given fingerprint. This distance has been measured on a small sample of fingerprints. In this sample, the measured value ranged from 0.2 mm to 0.85 mm on fingerprints from male subjects, and from 0.2 mm to 0.75 mm on fingerprints from female subjects. The mean ridge-to-ridge distance for 731 measurements on the fingerprints of ten male subjects was 0.46 mm. For 1,046 measurements on the fingerprints of ten female subjects the mean value was 0.41 mm. A method is described for using these values to calculate ridge counts between near neighboring minutiae, and estimates are made of the errors likely to result from the use of calculated ridge counts. (Published abstract)

Moore, Raymond T. "Resolution: Line-pairs and What They Mean." Journal of Forensic Identification. 41 (5), 333-343. (1991)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/AFIS/image enhancement

Moore, Raymond T. and Erik Berg. "Re: Digital Enhancement and Transmission of Latent Prints." Journal of Forensic Identification. 47 (1), 11-17. (1997)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/image enhancement
Abstract: Letter to the editor re: Digital Enhancement and Transmission of Latent Prints JFI 46(5) and author's reply

Morier, Ronald L. "A Study of Comparing Various Composite Imagery Techniques." Journal of Forensic Identification. 45 (4), 381-395. (1995)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Abstract: Composite imagery is the creation of facial images from a combination of individual features. A composite image may lead to the identification of a suspect, but more often its function is to narrow the field by eliminating those with dissimilar features.

Morland, Nigel. Finger Prints. London: Street and Massey, 1936.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File

Morohunfola, Kehinde A, Terrel E Jones, and Bryce L Munger. "The differentiation of the skin and its appendages. I. Normal development of papillary ridges." The Anatomical Record. 232 (4), 587-598. (1992)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/unique/dermatoglyphics
Abstract: In the present study, the normal development of papillary ridges was studied in the volar pads of both fore and hindpaws of the opossum, Monodelphis domesticus. At birth, the developmental state of the opossum's paws is equivalent to that of a six-week human embryo. The development of papillary ridges in the opossum occurs entirely postnatally and the hindpaw lags behind the forepaw by at least four days in most developmental parameters. Papillary ridge formation is preceded by four events: skin innervation, Merkel cell differentiation, mesenchymal condensation, and epidermal proliferation. The apical pads at the tips of the digits and the interdigital pads between the heads of the metacarpals (or metatarsals) have a unique pattern of innervation and mesenchymal content as compared to the non-pad skin. Each pad is innervated by a prominent nerve trunk and axons ascend towards the epidermis providing a density of innervation that exceeds that in the non-pad epidermis. Merkel cells are absent in non-pad epidermis but
present in the pads prior to the onset of formation of papillary ridges. A loose aggregation of mesenchyme forms the core of the pads and the superficial dermis is more cellular in the pads as compared to the equivalent dermis in surrounding non-pad skin. Developing papillary ridges always contained Merkel cell-axon complexes. Merkel cell axon complexes serve as the anatomical substrate of slowly adapting (SA) mechanoreceptors. The presence of these complexes during early skin differentiation is consistent with the use of the opossum's forepaw in climbing to the nipple, but also suggests other possible functions. We hypothesize that the nervous system might play a role in the timing
or patterning of the formation of papillary ridges. (Published abstract)

Morris, Neville. "re: Edmond Locard - Numerical Standards and "Probable Identifications." Journal of Forensic Identification. 46 (2), 135-139. (1996)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/history/standards
Abstract: Letter to the editor re: Edmond Locard - Numerical Standards and "Probable" Identifications, JFI 45(2) and author's reply.

Morris, Ronald N. "The Manufacturing of Geniue Credit Cards." Journal of Forensic Identification. 46 (3), 286-293. (1996)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File

Morris, Ronald N., et al. "Vacuum Metal Deposition of Silver as an Aid in Credit Card Examinations." Journal of Forensic Identification. 47 (1), 57-63. (1997)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing/VMD
Abstract: The examination of credit cards for unique embossing characteristics or signs of previous embossing is often difficult due to interference from the colored background and printed letters on the card. A vacuum metal deposition apparatus can be used to apply a thin coating of silver to the card surface. The examination of the coated card is then much easier, since the embossed charactrs can be studied without the distraction of the multicoloured background.

Morton, Susan. "The Other Laser." Fingerprint Whorld. 1984, 41-42.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/luminescence

Mulvihill, J. J. and D. W. Smith. "The genesis of dermatoglyphics." The Journal of Pediatrics. 75 (4), 579-589. (1969)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics
Notes: See Morphogenesis of Volar Skin by Holt for criticism

Murphy, Edward H. Finger Prints for Commercial and Personal Identification. Detroit: Inter. Title Recording and Identification Bureau, 1922.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP

Nash, Donald J. Ph. D. Individual Identification and the Law Enforcement Officer. Springfield: Thomas, 1978.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/criminal investigation

Nelson, Janet. "Homemade Solution for Processing Latent Prints on the Adhesive Side of Tape." The Print. 1998, 14 (2) , 1-2.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/140201.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing
Notes: Reprint from Gopher Identification-Minnesota Div. IAI, Jan`98

Nickell, Joe. "Kaplan "Lincoln" Photograph: Dissenting Opinions." Journal of Forensic Identification. 46 (6), 702-714. (1996)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File

Nicolaides, N. "Skin Lipids: Their Biochemical Uniqueness." Science. 186 : 19-25. (1974)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/excretion
Abstract: Unlike internal organs, the skin biosythesizes and excretes unusual fat soluble substances. (Published abstract)

Nielson, John P. "A Processing Protocol for Drug Residue and Latent Print Evidence." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 33 (6), 1463-1472. (1988)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/drugs/chemical processing
Abstract: Thirty percent cocaine: inositol residues and latent fingerprints were deposited on a wide variety of porous and nonporous substrates typical of the types of materials encountered in casework. Protocols were investigated which would optimize the probability of recovery of both drug residues and latent prints. Different protocols are required for porous and nonporous surfaces. (Published abstract)

Nielson, John P. and Allan I. Katz. "Recovery of Latent Prints and Drug Residue from a Problem Porous Surface." Journal of Forensic Sciences. Nov, 1988, 33 (6) , 1506-1508.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing/drugs

Nordby, Jon J. "Can We Believe What We See, If We See What We Believe?" Journal of Forensic Sciences. 37 (4), 1115-1124. (1992)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File

Norkus, Paul. "Glue It." Identification News. 1982, 6
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: cyanoacrylate/LP

Norkus, Paul and Kevin Noppinger. "New Reagent for the Enhancement of Blood Prints." Fingerprint Whorld. 1985, 16
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing/blood prints/safety/ninhydrin
Abstract: Most latent prints left inadvertently on articles at crime scenes consist of latent residue or body oils and are developed by means of powder. When it is necessary to enhance blood impressions, a variety of methods are available to choose from. Many, including Benzidine, and O-tolidine, are recognized carcinogens, requiring special safety precautions. Some, such as Amido Black and Ninhydrin, require the print be subjected to heat prior to developing. This presentation will discuss a new staining technique for the development of latent prints left on the adhesive side of tape, and bloody prints.
Coomassie Brilliant Blue R250 is a general protein stain used routinely in Forensic Serology sections. Coomassie is more sensitive than crystal violet stains. Coomassiie has a distinct advantage over crystal violet, in that Coomassie stain utilizes a destaining soltuion to clear the background. (Quoted from introduction)

Novarro, Douglas. "IR Imaging Meets Hard Copy to Help Crack Postal Crimes." Advanced Imaging. 1992,
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/image enhancement/luminescence

Nutt, Jim. "Chemically Enhanced Bloody Fingerprints." Law Enforcement Bulletin. 1985, 22-26.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/blood prints/chemical processing
Abstract: Where blood is present or the suspicion of blood properties is possible, and the area in question does not reveal visible blood traces, spray the area anyway. TMB reacts to a property of the blood (Heme group) which is invisible, but is made visible by the chemical reaction as a result of the spraying. (Quoted from text)

O'Rahilly, Ronan M. D. and Fabiola Dr. Muller. "The Integumentary system." Human Embryology & Teratology. New York: Wiley-Liss, 1992. 99-105.
Reference type: Book Chapter
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics
Abstract: The term common integument includes skin and associated glands, subcutaneous tissue, hair, nails, and the mammary gland.
The skin consists of epidermis and dermis (or corium), which are derived respectively from two main sources: ectoderm and the underlying mesenchyme, separated by a basement membrane. As is common in many organs, epithelio-mesenchymal interaction is important. Epidermal growth factor, which is closely related to the nerve growth factor, is a peptide found in high concentration in the submandibular gland. Several growth factors, including epidermal and fibroblast varieties, are thought to accelerate wound healing. Prenatally, however, wound healing seems to depend more on hyaluronic acid and it involves the deposition of highly organized collagen (absence of scarring).
The dermal mesenchyme controls the transformation of ectoderm into epidermis, as well as the stratification and proliferation of the epidermis. The degree of development of the skin and its appendages varies from one region to another, so that extensive overlapping occurs in the morphological appearances seen at any given time. Considerable regional variability occurs also in regard to glands, hairs, pigment cells, fat and sensory endings. the skin of the palm and sole shows the maximum number of layers. (Quoted from text)

O'Shaughnessy, Phillip E. "Dental Identification Confirmed by Alternative Means." Journal of Forensic Identification. 45 (6), 606-611. (1995)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: post mortem identification

Okajima, Michio. "Frequency of Forks in Epidermal Ridge Minutiae in the Finger Print." American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 32 (1), (1970)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: dermatoglyphics

Okajima, Michio. "Development of Dermal Ridges in the Fetus." J Med Genet. 12 (3), 243-250. (1975)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics
Abstract: This paper describes a new technique to inspect dermal ridges on the dermal surface instead of the epidermal surface. The dermal surface was exposed by chemical treatment and stained with toluidine blue. Dermal ridges are observable by the metachromatic effect of the reagent, which might suggest a close relationship between morphological characteristics and quantitative variations of biochemical components in the connective tissue. Dermatoglyphic features were recognized in fetuses from the 14th gestational week. Morphogenesis of dermal components--that is, grooves, primary and secondary dermal ridges, furrows, papillae, and sweat ducts--was examined at various gestational stages. The general law in the developmental sequence of the ridges in different volar areas was also confirmed. (Published abstract)

Okajima, Michio. "Dermal and Epidermal Structures of the Volar Skin." March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation. 1979. XV. 179-198.
Reference type: Book Chapter
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics

Okajima, Michio. "A Methodological Approach to the Development of Epidermal Ridges Viewed on the Dermal Surface of Fetuses." Progress in Dermatoglyphic Research. Bartsocas, Christos S. ed. New York: Alan R. Liss, 1982. 175-188.
Reference type: Book Chapter
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics
Notes: Based on the Proceedings of an International Conference on Dermatoglyphics, Athens, Greece. September 20-23, 1981

Okajima, Michio. "Dermatoglyphic examination of the dermal surface of bodies in advanced postmortem condition." Forensic Science International. 25 (3), 209-218. (1984)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: dermatoglyphics
Abstract: A new technique was applied to examine dermatoglyphic characteristics in dead bodies in advanced postmortem conditions. For this purpose, the volar skin was first fixed in formalin, incubated in 1 N potassium hydroxide solution, and then the dermis was exposed. Dermatoglyphic features were inspected on the dermal surface by staining with toluidine blue solution. This technique may be useful in cases in which the regular examination process does not provide favourable results because of advanced decomposition of the skin.

Okros, Sandor M. D. The Heredity of Papillary Patterns. Budapest: Pub. House of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1965.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File

Oldroyd, David. "The Ancient Tradition." The Arch of Knowledge -- An Introductory Study of the History of the Philosophy and Methodology of Science. Oldroyd, David ed. 1 ed. New York: Methuen & Co., 1986. 6-47.
Reference type: Book Chapter
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/history/scientific principles

Olenik, John H. "Super Glue - A Modified Method." Identification News. 1983, 9-10.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/cyanoacrylate/chemical processing

Olenik, John H. "Super Glue, A Modified Technique for the Development of Latent Fingerprints." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 29 (3), 881-884. (1984)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/cyanoacrylate/chemical processing
Abstract: Numerous techniques and methods as well as commercially prepared kits have recently been developed using cyanoacrylate-type (Super Glue) adhesives to develop latent fingerprints on nonporous surfaces such as glass, plastics, and metals. Of these various methods, it is felt that the use of heat makes the most efficient use of the glue and reduces the time required for development of latent prints.

Olenik, John H. "Cyanoacrylate Fuming: An Alternative Non-heat Method." Journal of Forensic Identification. 39 (5), 302-304. (1989)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/cyanoacrylate/chemical processing

Olenik, John H. "A Simple Three Dye Blend." Journal of Forensic Identification. 47 (5), 530-533. (1997)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing/luminescence

Olimb, Hal E. "Optical Enhancement of Degraded Fingerprints." (1986) Texas Tech.
Reference type: Thesis/Dissertation
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/luminescence/image enhancement

Olsen, Robert D. Sr. "The Chemical Composition of Palmar Sweat." Fingerprint and Identification Magazine. 1972, 3-23.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/excretion

Olsen, Robert D. Sr. Problem Solving Techniques in Latent Print Identification. Washington D.C.: US Gov. Printing Office, 1975
Reference type: Pamphlet
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/scientific principles/comparison

Olsen, Robert D. Sr. "The Oils of Latent Fingerprints." Fingerprint and Identification Magazine. 1975, 3-10.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/excretion

Olsen, Robert D. Sr. Scott's Fingerprint Mechanics. Springfield: Thomas, 1978.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/fingerprints
Abstract: This revision of the 1951 Fingerprint Mechanics does honor to the original author Walter Scott. For over two decades, Scott's book was the authoritative text of fingerprint development techniques. For the last two decades, this revised text has assumed that role. The late Robert Olsen Sr. was a significant literary contributor to the field and for many years to come he will be recognized for this book and other writings.

Olsen, Robert D. Sr. "Friction Ridge Characteristics and Points of Identity: An Unresolved Dichotomy of Terms." Identification News. 1981, 12-13.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison
Abstract: Some latent print examiners have accepted the concept the friction ridge characteristics are synonyms with the points of identity used to establish the positive identification of a latent print. These examiners hold the view that one friction ridge characteristics, regardless of its configuration and complexity, constitutes only one point of identity. This is an erroneous concept. Friction ridge characteristics and points of identity are two distinct and separate concepts involving the same physical data. There are only three basic friction ridge characteristic types used as points of identity: ridge ending bifurcation and dot. There are many other types of characteristics and some may be of sufficient rarity to merit an examiner's special consideration when making a comparison. The other ridge characteristics, however, involve a combination of three basic types. (Author's introduction)

Olsen, Robert D. Sr. "A Practical Fluorescent Dye Staining Technique for Cyanoacrylate-Developed Latent Prints." Identification News. 1984, 5-11-12.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/cyanoacrylate/luminescence

Olsen, Robert D. Sr. "A Fingerprint Fable: The Will and William West Case." The Print. 1995, 11 (1) , 8-10.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/110105.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/historical/history
Notes: Reprint from Identification News

Olsen, Robert D. Sr. "Chemical Dating Techniques for Latent Fingerprints: A Preliminary Report." The Print. 1995, 11 (5) , 1-4.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/110501.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/age determination
Notes: Reprint from Ident. News, Feb`87
Abstract: There is no scientific method for dating latent fingerprints and nothing in this paper should be construed as a viable dating technique. The purpose of this paper is merely to acquaint you with research I am presently conducting in the hope of developing such a technique and, by so doing, to encourage others to perform research in this area. (Author's introduction)

Osborn, Albert S. "Form Blindness and Proof." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 243-248.
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: QD/vision

Osborn, Albert S. Questioned Document Problems.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: QD/vision

Osborn, Albert S. Questioned Documents. 2nd ed. Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1974.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: QD/vision

Osterburg, James W. "An Inquiry Into the Nature of Proof: The Identity of Fingerprints." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 9 (4), 413-427. (1964)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: scientific principles/LP

Osterburg, James W. "The Evaluation of Physical Evidence in Criminalistics: Subjective or Objective Process?" The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science. 60 (1), 97-101. (1969)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/ethics/scientific principles

Osterburg, James W. "The Scientific Method and Criminal Investigation." Journal of Police Science and Administration. 9 (2), 135-141. (1981)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: scientific principles/criminal investigation

Owsley, Douglas W. and Sarah B. Pelot. "Three Grams of Bone and Three Dental Fragments Aid Identification of a Homicide Victim." Journal of Forensic Identification. 45 (5), 519-529. (1995)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: CSI

Paige, Joseph A. "Lift Latent Prints from Human Skin." Journal of Evidence Photography. Oct, 1977, 9-10.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/skin

Paige, Joseph A. "A Modified Iodine-Silver Technique for Developing Latent Prints from Human Skin." Identification News. Jul, 1977, 7-8.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP/skin

Paine, Noel. "Use of Cyanoacrylate Fuming and Related Enhancement Techniques to Develop Shoe Impressions on Various Surfaces." Journal of Forensic Identification. 48 (5), 585-608. (1998)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/cyanoacrylate/CSI/shoe prints

Parker, Charles. "Digit Abnormalities." The Print. 1995, 11 (4) , 10-11.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/110404.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/anomaly/dermatoglyphics
Notes: Reprint from Texas Div. IAI, Oct/Dec `94

Parker, Charles. "You Don't Know Until You Try." The Print. 1997, 13 (6) , 4
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/130602.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP
Notes: Reprinted from Texas Div. IAI Newsletter, Apr/Jun`96

Parker, W. H. Chief. Daily Training Bulletin of the Los Angeles Police Department. Springfield: Thomas, 1958.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File

Parkinson, Gregory. "Splash Shield Face Protection System." Journal of Forensic Identification. 45 (3), 266-267. (1995)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing/safety

Parkinson, Gregory. "Certification Programs of the International Association for Identification." Journal of Forensic Identification. 46 (2), 169-172. (1996)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/standards

Parsons, T. "The Professions and Social Structure." Social Forces. 17 : 457-467. (1939)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: scientific principles

Paxon, Doug. "Standard Imaging Software in Law Enforcement Forensics." Advanced Imaging. 1991, 24,25,26.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/image enhancement

Pelli, D. G., J. G. Robson, and A. J. Wilkins. "The design of a new letter chart for measuring contrast sensitivity." Clin.Vision Sci. 2 : 187-199. (1988)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: vision

Penalver, J., T. Kahana, and J Hiss. "Prosthetic Devices in Positive Identification of Human Remains." Journal of Forensic Identification. 47 (4), 400-405. (1997)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: CSI
Abstract: Identification of human remains is one of the crucial elements in wrongful killing investigations. The methodology implemented by forensic scientists varies according to the antemortem and postmortem available data.

Penrose, L. S. "Finger-prints, palms and chromosomes." Nature. 197 : 933. (1963)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP

Penrose, L. S. "Memorandum on dermatoglyphic nonmenclature." Birth Defects: Original Article Series. 1968. 4. 1-13.
Reference type: Book Chapter
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: dermatoglyphics

Penrose, L. S. "Dermatoglyphics." Scientific American. 72-84. (1969)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: dermatoglyphics/unique
Abstract: Fingerprints and the similar ridges on the palm of the hand and the sole of the foot have more uses than identification: they are also of value in anthropology, medicine and genetics.

Penrose, L. S. "Structure of Interstitial Epidermal Ridges." Z Morphol Anthropol. 61 : 81-84. (1969)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: dermatoglyphics

Penrose, L. S. and P. T. Ohara. "The development of epidermal ridges." J.Medical Genet. 10 : 201-208. (1973)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics

Petersilia, Joan. Processing latent fingerprints: what are the payoffs? P-5571 1976. Santa Monica: Rand Corporation.
Reference type: Report
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: fingerprints

Peterson, Joseph L. "Ethical Conflicts in the Forensic Sciences." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 34 (3), 717-718. (1989)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/scientific principles/ethics
Notes: Introduction to symposium on ethics.

Peterson, Joseph L. and John E. Murdock. "Forensic Science Ethics: Developing an Integrated System of Support and Enforcement." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 34 (3), 749-762. (1989)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: ethics/scientific principles
Abstract: This article reviews rules and codes adopted by operating agencies and professional societies which regulate the professional conduct of forensic scientists. The purpose, origin, and content of these codes are examiner, with particular emphasis on their ability to address the major ethics-related problems confronting the field. The recently adopted ethics and management guidelines of the American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors are discussed as a major new policy having the potential of ensuring that benchworkers, managers, supervisors, and parent agencies executives all subscribe to a common and comprehensive set of ethical standards. (Published abstract)

Phillips, Clarence E., Douglass O. Cole, and Gary W. Jones. "Physical Developer: A Practical and Productive Latent Print Developer." Journal of Forensic Identification. 40 (3), 135-147. (1990)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: chemical processing/LP

Pierce, David S. "Tonally Reversed Friction Ridge Prints on Plastics." Journal of Forensic Identification. 39 (1), 11-22. (1989)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison/cyanoacrylate/chemical processing

Pippin, Turner. "The Rotorgraph." Journal of Forensic Identification. 45 (6), 612-617. (1995)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: chemical processing/photography

Plato, Chris C. and Wladimir Wertelecki. "Changing Trends in Dermatoglyphic Research." Progress in Dermatoglyphic Research. Bartsocas, Christos S. ed. New York: Alan R. Liss, 1982. 1-11.
Reference type: Book Chapter
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics

Plato, Chris C. and Ralph M. Garruto. "Historical Notes on Dermatoglyphics: From Purkinje to Cummins." Trends in Dermatoglyphic Research. Durham, Norris M., and C. C. Plato eds. 1 ed. Boston: Kluwer Academic, 1990. 2-9.
Reference type: Book Chapter
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics/history

Platt, S. R. "The Effects of the Argon Ion Laser on Subsequent Blood Examinations." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 27 (3), 726-728. (1982)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/luminescence/bloodstain
Abstract: Dried bloodstains on cotton sheeting ranging in age from three days to three months were exposed to the argon ion laser for durations from 30 s to 3 min. The bloodstain showed greatly reduced reactions or none at all with presumptive reagents applied by fine mist spraying. Filter paper rubs of the same stains followed by presumptive testing yielded the appropriate oxidation reactions of the indicator reagents. (Published abstract)

Plumtree, Wayne G. "Expert Opinion -- Fact or Fiction? Responsibilities of the Expert Witness." The Print. Feb, 1994, 10 (2) , 3-6.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/100202.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison/testimony

Pounds, Anthony, Ronald Grigg, and Theeravat Monkolaussavaratana. The Use of 1,8 Diazafluoren-9-One (DFO) for the Fluorescent Detection of Latent Fingerprints on Paper. A Preliminary Evaluation. Home Office Forensic Science Service.
Reference type: Report
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing/safety/ninhydrin

Pounds, Anthony and Hussain, Javaid I. Biological and Chemical Aspects of Latent Fingerprint Detection. Washington D.C. US Gov. Printing Office. 1987.
Reference type: Conference Proceeding
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/excretion
Notes: Proceedings of the International Forensic Symposium on Latent Prints

Pounds, Anthony. The Use of Iodine Solution to Reveal Latent Fingerprints on Wallpaper and Emulsion Painted Walls. CRSE #694 1 p. 1989. Home Office Forensic Science Service.
Reference type: Report
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing/safety/ninhydrin
Abstract: An iodine based reagent has already been described for use by scientists to reveal latent fingerprints on wallpaper and emulsion painted walls. For safety reasons, the reagent has now been reformulated for use by non-scientific personnel at scenes of crime. The highly flammable cyclohexane in the original formulation has been replaced with Fluorisol.
This new formulation has been extensively tested and found to be comparable to ninhydrin for revealing latent fingerprints on wall paper and superior for vinyl wallpapers and emulsion painted walls. A total of 103 scenes have been examined with iodine based reagents and 69 marks have been recorded from 37 of these scenes. (Published summary)

Pounds, Anthony, Ronald Grigg, and Theeravat Monkolaussavaratana. "The Use of 1,8 Diazafluoren-9-one (DFO) for the Fluorescent Detection of Latent Fingerprints on Paper." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 35 (1), 169-175. (1990)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/ninhydrin/chemical processing
Notes: Originally published as CRSE Report #669
Abstract: The use of a new amino acid reagent 1,8-diazafluoren-9-one (DFO), which produces a highly fluorescent species with latent fingerprints on paper, is described. Spectral characteristics of the fluorescent fingerprint show excitiation (approximately 470nm) and emission (approximately 570nm) amxima in the visible part of the spectrum. Some printing inks fluoresce under these conditions and would therefore hinder fingerprint detection but optical brighteners present in paper do not interfere. Fluorescent fingerprints visualised by DFO revealed more fingerprint detail than ninhydrin, the standard method for such surfaces. (Published abstract)

Proceedings of the International Forensic Symposium on Latent Prints. Washington D.C. Federal Bureau of Investigation. 1999.
Reference type: Conference Proceeding
Reprint: In File
Keywords: fingerprints/forensic
Notes: Host: Laboratory and Identification Divisions, Federal Bureau of Investigation, July 7 - 10, 1987, Forensic Science and Training Center, FBI Academy, Quantico, Virginia

Qingjie, Geng. "Recovery of Super Glue Over-fumed Fingerprints." Journal of Forensic Identification. 48 (1), 17-21. (1998)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/cyanoacrylate/chemical processing

Ramotowski, Robert. "Importance of An Acid Prewash Prior to the Use of Physical Developer." Journal of Forensic Identification. 46 (6), 673-677. (1996)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing

Rao, Chiyod Seshagiri. H.R. Hardless's disputed documents examination and finger-print identification. Law Book, 1990.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP

Ratkovic, Joseph A. Increasing Efficiency in the Criminal Justice System: The Use of New Technology for Criminal Identification and Latent Print Processing. P-6546 1980. Santa Monica: Rand Corp.
Reference type: Report
Reprint: Not in File
Notes: Originally presented as the author's doctoral thesis - Rand Graduate Institute

Ratliff, F. "Contour and contrast." Object and Illusion (Readings from Scientific American). 21 (1974)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: vision

Reed, T. and R. L. Schreiner. "Absence of dermal ridge patterns: genetic heterogeneity." Am J Med Genet. 16 (1), 81-88. (1983)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: genetics/dermatoglyphics
Abstract: An apparently new form of complete absence of dermal ridge patterns was transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait through five generations in an Irish-American family. Affected individuals lacked dermatoglyphic patterns, sweat pores, and ability to sweat in the volar areas of the fingertips, palms, and soles. They also had congenital milia and blisters on the fingertips and soles at birth, abnormal nails, single transverse palmar creases, increased heat tolerance, and painful fissures in adult life around the fingernails in cold weather.

Reichardt, G. J., J. C. Carr, and E. G. Stone. "A Conventional Method for Lifting Latent Fingerprints from Human Skin Surfaces." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 23 (1), 135-141. (1978)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/skin
Abstract: Two methods for obtaining latent fingerprints from human skin are being investigated in many parts of the world. They are electronography and the iodine-silver transfer method. A third method, which is the subject of this paper, was developed by one of the co-authors. The Kromekote lift technique offers the forensic scientist and the evidence techniican an inexpensive and practical approach to the recovery of the fingerprints from human skin. (Quoted from text)

Reichenbach, Hans. "The Principle of Causality and the Possibility of its Empirical Confirmation." Modern Philosophy of Science. Reichenbach, Maria ed. 1 ed. New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1959. 109-134.
Reference type: Book Chapter
Reprint: In File
Keywords: scientific principles

Reis, George. "Digital Cameras Raid California Crime Scenes
Electronically Enhanced Evidence Simplifies Suspect Identification." Photo-Electronic Imaging. 1993, 22-27.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/image enhancement

Reis, George. "The Cost of Electronic Imaging." The Print. 1995, 11 (1) , 11
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/110106.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File

Reis, George. "How To Set Up Digital Imaging for the Forensic Unit." Law Enforcement Technology. 1996, 46-51.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/image enhancement

Reis, George. "Digitizing the Law, California Police Department Switches from Chemical to Digital." Photo-Electronic Imaging. 1996, 39 (3) , 42-44.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/image enhancement

Reynolds, Quentin. The F.B.I. New York: Random House, 1954.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Rhodes, Henry T. F. Alphonse Bertillon-Father of Scientific Detection. New York: Abelard-Schuman, 1956.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/history
Abstract: This biography provides personal insight into one of the most noted criminalists at the turn of the century. It describes Alphonse and his system of classification for anthropometry measurements. While Alphonse opposed using fingerprints to replace the "Bertillon" Measurements, he adopted their use and is credited with the first criminal identification resulting from a cold search of the files.

Rice, Karen Anne. "The Re-Hydration and Printing of Mummified Fingers." Journal of Forensic Identification. 38 (4), 152-155. (1988)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/post mortem identification

Ridgely, James E. Jr. "Latent Print Detection by Laser." Law Enforcement Bulletin. 1-8.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/luminescence/chemical processing

Ridgely, James E. Jr. "Latent Print Detection by Laser." Identification News. May, 1987, 5-12.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP/luminescence/chemical processing

Rienti, Angelo P. "The Ninth Ridge." Tieline. 11 (3), 39-42. (1985)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison

Rivers, Cheryl Baker. "Simultaneous Testimony to Two Juries Occupying the Same Courtroom." Journal of Forensic Identification. 44 (4), 375-378. (1994)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/testimony/fingerprints
Abstract: In what is believed to be precedent-setting fingerprint testimony in the state of Washington, expert testimony was presented to two juries occupying the same courtroom at the same time. Duplicate charted enlargements and an overhead projection of one of the charted enlargements were utilized by the examiner during testimony. (Published abstract)

Roberts, James A. "Space Age Technology to the Aid of the Latent Print Examiner." Fingerprint and Identification Magazine. 1972, 3-23.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/image enhancement

Robson, Sally D. "Is The Jury Still Out?
Electronic vs. Traditional Photography." Law Enforcement Technology. 1993, 36-38.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/photography/image enhancement

Roen, Sara. "Developing Your Latent Abilities
Some Basic Techniques for Lifting Latent Fingerprints." Police. 1990, 55-83.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/powder

Romer, Grant B. "Artifact Description of Kaplan Daguerreotype." Journal of Forensic Identification. 44 (4), 430-436. (1994)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File

Rowland, John. The Finger-Print Man, The Story of Sir Edward Henry. New York: Roy Publishers, 1959.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/history
Abstract: This biography details the life of the man most frequently associated with the science of fingerprints. While Sir Henry followed in the steps of Herschel, Galton, and Faulds as a pioneer studying fingerprints, his contribution to the field should not be understated. He developed a system to classify and sort fingerprint cards. This complex system was relatively easy to teach and became the widely used method to file fingerprint cards throughout most of the world. This widespread use of his system established the permanent association of this man's name with the science.

Ruenes, Rafael Fernandez. "Perception and Handwriting Identification." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 12 (1), 102-111. (1967)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: vision

Ruhemann, Siegfried. Trans.Chem.Soc. 97 (2025), (1910)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: ninhydrin/chemical processing

Ruprecht, Allan E. "Effective Ammuniton Examination." Journal of Forensic Identification. 46 (4), 407-408. (1996)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing/firearms

Ruslander, Harold W. "Super Glue Fuming of Vegetation at Crime Scenes." Journal of Forensic Identification. 47 (1), 42-46. (1997)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/cyanoacrylate/chemical processing

Ryan, Patrick. The Ryan Dactyloplane for the Finger Print Expert. 1922.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File

Sachs, J. L. J. D. "The Need for and the Relationship of the Forensic Sciences to the Civil Laws." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 21 (4), 759-762. (1976)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/scientific principles/ethics

Sack, John. Fingerprint. New York: Random House, 1982.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/fingerprints

Saferstein, Richard. Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science. 4th ed. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1990.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/CSI/scientific principles

Saks, Michael J. Ph. D. "Prevalence and Impact of Ethical Problems in Forensic Science." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 34 (3), 772-793. (1989)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/scientific principles/ethics
Abstract: The prevalence of ethical problems in the forensic sciences is difficult to discover because of the limited sources of this information. A clear understanding of ethical violations is essential to establish the extent to which justice e is hindered by unethical conduct among forensic problems. Seven major classes of evidence of ethical conduct and examples of each are examiner: proficiency testing studies, self-reported surveys and focus groups, complaints to forensic science associations, court cases, content analysis of ethical codes, anecdotal data (news reports, the professional literature, and case studies), and circumstantial evidence. Three main categories of ethical problems emerged from the data: problems of competency, individual misbehavior, and problems of practicing science in an adversary system. Thee is a need for more studies and various data collections to improve understanding of ethical problems in the forensic sciences and to seek to ameliorate them. (Published abstract)

Salares, V. R., C. R. Eves, and P. R. Carey. "On the Detection of Fingerprints by Laser Excited Luminescence." Forensic Science International. 14 : 229-237. (1979)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/luminescence
Abstract: Two surveys were carried out to determine the percentage of latent fingerprints detectable by their inherent luminescence under laser illumination. Less that on-fifth of 240 samples each containing four prints on paper gave luminescent prints. The luminescence from these was weak and only detectable under close scrutiny. Similar results were obtained for 120 samples each containing one print on glass. Forty-one of the samples showing no luminescence were sprayed, approximately one month after deposition, with a solution containing the fluorescent taggin agent 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole(NBD chloride). After treatment with NBD chloride, 37 of these samples gave luminescent prints, many of which were intensely luminescent and contained good ridge detail. (Published abstract)

Sampson, William C. "Glass Recovery Investigative Technique: G.R.I.T." Journal of Forensic Identification. 42 (2), 96-100. (1992)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/skin

Sampson, William C. and Glenn C. Moffett. "Lifetime of a Latent Print on Glazed Ceramic Tile." Journal of Forensic Identification. 44 (4), 379-386. (1994)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/age determination

Sampson, William C. "Latent Fingerprint Evidence on Human Skin (Part 1)." Journal of Forensic Identification. 46 (2), 188-195. (1996)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/cyanoacrylate/chemical processing/skin

Sampson, William C., Karen L. Sampson, and Frank Shonberger. Recovery of Latent Fingerprint Evidence from Human Skin: Causation, Isolation and Processing Techniques. 1998.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP/skin

Sampson, William C. "Effective and Cost Efficient Catalyst (Sawdust)." The Print. May, 1999, 10 (4) , 6
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/100404.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/cyanoacrylate/chemical processing
Notes: Reprint from JFI Mar/Apr`94

Sandberg, Fred. "If you are in Doubt about Finger Print Forgery, Read This!" Fingerprint and Identification Magazine. 1928, 4
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/forged evidence

Sanders, Robert. "Photographing Fingerprints Developed with Super Glue." Identification News. 1982, 7-8.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/cyanoacrylate/photography

Sanger, Debora M. and Wesley Vernon. "Value of a Strength Scale in Identification from Podiatry Records." Journal of Forensic Identification. 47 (2), 162-170. (1997)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: CSI/shoe prints

Sansone, Sam J. Modern Photography for Police and Fireman. 1st ed. Cincinnati: Anderson, 1971.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: photography

Sansone, Sam J. Hineline, Mark, (Editor(s). Police Photography. Cincinnati: Anderson, 1978.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: photography

Sasson, Yoel. "Chemical Reagents for the Development of Latent Fingerprints. I: Scope and Limitations of the Reagent 4-Dimethylamino-Cinnamaldehyde." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 23 (4), 852-855. (1978)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/ninhydrin/chemical processing
Abstract: Among the chemical reagents that are currently used for the development of latent fingerprints on paper, ninhydrin is undoubtedly the most common. Yet the ninhydrin method suffers form several disadvantages because the reaction is slow and requires heat for complete development. Sometimes the method is misleading because of background reactions and not all individuals excrete sufficient perspiration to leave latent prints identifiable with ninhydrin.
In this first part of a comprehensive research program directed towards reagents tha may replace ninhydrin for the development of latent fingerprints, we have investigated the scope and limitations of the recently reported 4-dimethylamino-ccinamaldehyde (DMAC) reagent. (Published abstract)

Saunders, John. "Macroscopic Examination of Overlapping Latent Prints on Non-Porous Items." Journal of Forensic Identification. 43 (2), 138-143. (1993)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison

Saviers, Kathleen. "Friction Skin Characteristics: A Study and Comparison of Proposed Standards." Journal of Forensic Identification. 39 (3), 157-163. (1989)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison/skin
Abstract: After examining the suggested characteristics proposed by the listed authors, it is obvious that contradiction and confusion exist. No standardized terminology exists at present. Frequently extended lists confuse more often than serving to clarigy the issue when seeking to communicate with others not familiar with the terminology. A short list of easily defined characteristics allows for clairy instead of confusion and conflict. A standard of three characteristics seems most reasonable: the ridge ending, the bifurcation, and the dot. These three characteistics are basic, common and easy to define. They have the probability of being found in all sections of friction skin. (Author's conclusion)

Saviers, Kathleen. "The Reliability of Linear Measurement Methods in Friction Ridge Skin Comparisons." Journal of Forensic Identification. 39 (1), 33-41. (1989)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison/testimony

Saviers, Kathleen. "What Are You Doing To Help?" The Print. Sep, 1994, 10 (8) , 5
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/100802.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP
Notes: Reprint from The Print, Jun `86

Saxena, B. L. Law and Technique Relating to Identification of Handwriting, Disputed Documents, Finger Prints, Foot Prints, and Detection of Forgeries. Allahabad, 1968.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File

Scerra, Joe. "An Eye for An Eye, A Tooth for A Tooth -- A State Witness To An Execution." The Print. 1996, 12 (6) , 3-7.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/120602.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/testimony
Notes: Reprint from Chesapeake Examiner, Jan`96

Schade, O. H. "Optical and photoelectric analog of the eye." J.Opt.Soc.Am. 46 : 721-739. (1958)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: vision

Scheuplein, Robert J. "Temperature Regulation in the Skin." Pathophysiology of Dermatologic Diseases. Soter, Nicholas A. M. D., and Howard P. Baden eds. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991. 67-81.
Reference type: Book Chapter
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics

Schiltz, E., K. D. Schnackerz, and R. W. Gracy. "Comparison of Ninhydrin, Fluorescamine, and o-Phthaldialedehyde for the Detection of Amino Acids and Peptides and Their Effects on the Recovery and Composition of Peptides from Thin-Layer Fingerprints." Analytical Biochemistry. 79 : 33-41. (1977)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: chemical processing/ninhydrin/LP
Abstract: Amino acids and peptides separated by chromatography and electrophoresis on thin layers of cellulose or silica gel were located by spraying them with either ninhydrin, fluorescamine, or o-phthaldialdehyde, o-Phthaldialdeyhde and ninhydrin permitted the detection of amino acids in teh 50-200-pmol range and were superior to fluorescamine. Ninhydrin and fluorescamine, on the other hand, were better for the detection of peptides. Proline and peptides with amino-terminal proline were best detected as black spots when sprayed with fluorescamine, whereas peptides with amino-terminal proline which also contained amino groups were more easily visualized with ninhydrin or o-phthaldialdehyde. A method is described for the elution of peptides from thin layers with 6 N HCl. Most small peptides were recovered in yields of at least 80%, ninhydrin-reacted peptides in somewhat lower yields. ONly fluorescamine-treated peptides could be recovered form thin layers without destruction of any amino acid. (Published abstract)

Schiro, George. "Collection and Preservation of Blood Evidence from Crime Scenes." Journal of Forensic Identification. 47 (5), 557-574. (1997)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: CSI/serology

Schnur, PL. "Volar foot skin grafts do work." Ann Plast Surg. 33 (5), 572. (1994)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File

Schroeder, O. C. "Old Ethics for New Sciences--What Confronts Justice." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 21 (4), 748-758. (1976)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/scientific principles/ethics

Schroeder, O. C. "Ethical and Moral Dilemmas Confronting Forensic Scientists." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 29 (4), 966-986. (1984)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: scientific principles

Schwabenland, James F. "Determining the Evaporation Rate of Latent Impressions on the Exterior Surfaces of Aluminum Beverage Cans." Journal of Forensic Identification. 42 (2), 84-90. (1992)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/age determination
Notes: See Special Review by Alan McRoberts and Kurt Kuhn. JFI 42 (3).

Scott, Charles C. Photographic Evidence. St. Paul: West Publishing, 1955.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File

Scott, Walter R. Fingerprint Mechanics. 1st ed. Springfield: Thomas, 1951.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/fingerprints/history/chemical processing

Seymour, Lee. The Seymour Fingerprint System. Lattimer Printing Co., 1912.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP

Seymour, Lee. Fingerprint Classification. Los Angeles: Private, 1913.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP

Seymour, Lee. Finger Print Instruction Book. Chicago: Evans National Mfg. and Supply, 1920.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/fingerprints/classification

Sharp, Vaugh. Palm Prints: Their Classification and Identification. 1937.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP

Shelef, Ran, et al. "Development of Latent Fingerprints from Incendiary Bottles." Journal of Forensic Identification. 46 (5), 556-569. (1996)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing

Shelef, Ran and Rina Elkayam. "Collecting and Packaging Exhibits from the Scene of the Crime for Transfer to the Forensic Laboratory." Journal of Forensic Identification. 47 (3), 276-282. (1997)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: CSI

Shipman, James G. "Ring Light: What is it Good For!" The Print. 1996, 12 (2) , -4
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/120204.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/photography
Notes: Reprinted from The Silent Witness, Jan/Mar `96

Shipp, Edward, William Davenport, and Enrico Togneri. "Latent Prints and the Gaming Industry." Journal of Forensic Identification. 45 (5), 504-509. (1995)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing/cyanoacrylate

Shirk, Sanford A. "Night Vision Video and Luminol." Journal of Forensic Identification. 45 (5), 513-514. (1995)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: CSI

Shirk, Sanford A. "Staples: Silent Menaces." Journal of Forensic Identification. 46 (2), 179-182. (1996)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File

Shonberger, Frank. "A Variation of Super Glue Processing of Small Immovable, or Difficult to Move, Items." Journal of Forensic Identification. 47 (1), 47-48. (1997)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/cyanoacrylate/chemical processing

Siefferman, Joe. "An Affordable Portable Fuming Chamber That Filters the Irritating Super Glue Fumes." Journal of Forensic Identification. 47 (5), 525-529. (1997)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing/cyanoacrylate

Simons, Allyson A. "FBI Sponsors New Technical Working Group." The Print. 1996, 12 (3) , 3
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/120302.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/standards

Simons, Allyson A. "Technical Working Group on Friction Ridge Analysis, Study and Technology." The Print. 1997, 13 (4) , 1-7.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/130401.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/standards
Notes: Reprinted from JFI 47(4), Jul/Aug`97

Simons, Allyson A. "Technical Working Group on Friction Ridge Analysis, Study and Technology (TWGFAST) Guidelines." Journal of Forensic Identification. 48 (2), 147-162. (1998)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/standards
Abstract: The TWGFAST recommendations for Minimum Qualifications for Latent Print Examiner Trainees, Training to Competency for Latent Print Examiners, and Quality Assurance Guidelines for Latent Print Examiners are presented after a comment period and revision.

Slatis, Herman M., Mariassa Bat-Miriam Katznelson, and Batsheva Bonne'-Tamir. "The Inheritance of Fingerprint Patterns." Am J Hum Genet. 28 : 280-289. (1976)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics/genetics
Abstract: Analysis of the fingerprints of 571 members of the Habbanite isolate suggest inherited patterns and pattern sequences. A genetic theory has been developed; it assumes that the basic fingerprint pattern sequence is all ulnar loops and that a variety of genes cause deviations from this pattern sequence. Genes that have been proposed include: (1) a semidominant gene for whorls on the thumbs (one homozygote has whorls on both thumbs, the other has ulnar loops on both thumbs and the heterozygote usually has two ulnar loops or one ulnar loop and one whorl); (2) a semidominant gene for whorls on the ring fingers which acts like the gene for whorls on the thumbs; (3) a dominant gene for arches on the thumbs and often on other fingers; (4) one or more dominant genes for arches on the fingers; (5) a dominant gene for whorls on all fingers except for an ulnar loop on the middle finger; (6) a dominant gene for radial loops on the index fingers, frequently associated with an arch on the middle fingers; and (7) a recessive gene for radial loops on the ring and little fingers. These genes may act independently or may show epistasis. (Published abstract)

Sloan, Harry S. "A Mid-sized Department's Identification Response to Mass Diasaster." Journal of Forensic Identification. 45 (3), 275-279. (1995)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: disaster/case report
Abstract: When a mass disaste happens, positive identification of multiple bodies becomes critically necessary. Often that responsibility is the function of a law enforcement identification bureau, or similar unit. The following is how a mid-sized law enforcement agency handled the largest airline disaster in the United States in 1993.

Smith, Ron. Demystifying Palm Prints. 1 p. 1992.
Reference type: Report
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison
Notes: Workshop Notebook: The purpose of this workshop is to address the needs of the latent print examiner in the area of latent palm print searching and identification.

Smith, William C., Richard W. Kinney, and David G. DePartee. "Latent Fingerprints - A Forensic Approach." Journal of Forensic Identification. 43 (6), 563-570. (1993)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: comparison/scientific principles/LP
Notes: Guest Editorial
Abstract: There is a substantial amount of published literature adressing forensic approaches to making such [latent print] examinations. While many latent fingerprints contain numerous points of comparison, and thereby pose no particular obstacle to the identification process, a number of the latent prints encountered in scene work posses less than ideal clarity. It is in the examination of this latter group of prints that even the most experienced examiner needs to have established a fundamental set of identification criteria that is framed in good basic forensic practices. It is our intent to explore some of the aspects that should go into the development of such an approach. (Published abstract)

Snare, William A. "Finger Prints Identify 13 of 15 Bodies Recovered from Devasting California Flood." The Print. 1997, 13 (6) , 10
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/130608.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/historical
Notes: Reprinted from Finger Print & Identification Mag. May `33

Snow, JW. "Volar advancement skin flap to the fingertip." Hand Clin. 1 (4), 685-688. (1985)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: altered
Abstract: The use of volar advancement flaps is presented for volar oblique amputation of fingertips. Use of a mini-volar flap allows closure of a guillotine amputation that leaves no scar on the pad of the fingertip and has only to be elevated to the axis of rotation of the PIP joint. This procedure decreases the likelihood of dorsal necrosis over the middle phalanx, since the dorsal neurovascular bundle is not encroached upon.

Soderman, Harry D. Sc. and John J. O'Connel. Modern Criminal Investigation. New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1945.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/criminal investigation
Notes: orig 1935

Sollars, Donald. Disaster Squad. 1984. (Unpub.):
Reference type: Report
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: disaster

Spawn, Mark. "Effects of Fire on Fingerprint Evidence." The Print. 1995, 11 (2) , 1-2.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/110201.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/arson
Notes: Reprinted from New York State Identifier, Fall `93

Speaks, Howard A. "The Use of Ninhydrin in the Development of Latent Finger Prints." Fingerprint and Identification Magazine. 1964, 11-23.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: ninhydrin/chemical processing/LP
Abstract: Ninhydrin is a word much used in identification circles since the middle 1950's. "Triketohydrindene Hydrate" and certain amino acids react ot produce a purple colored product. All persons expel their excess amino acids (protein) through their perspiration. The small amount of amino acids found n perspiration is the basis upon which the ninhydrin method works.

Speaks, Howard A. "Ninhydrin Prints from Rubber Gloves." Fingerprint and Identification Magazine. 1966, 3-5.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/ninhydrin/chemical processing

Speaks, Howard A. "Expert Finds Many Details in Small Area of Arch Pattern." Fingerprint and Identification Magazine. 1971, 12-15.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison

Speaks, Howard A. "Fundamentals of Fingerprint Examination." The Print. 1997, 13 (3) , 1-3.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/130301.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison/testimony
Notes: Reprinted from Forum Magazine, Jan/Feb `83

Spjut, Scott. "An Alternative Method of Photographing Cyanoacrylate Developed Latent Prints On Clear Plastic Material." The Print. 1994, 10 (4) , 1-2.
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/100401.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/cyanoacrylate/chemical processing/photography
Notes: Reprinted from JFI, Mar/Apr `94

Springer, Eliot and Pinchas Bergman. "A Fluorescent Small Particle Reagent." Journal of Forensic Identification. 45 (2), 164-168. (1995)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing/luminescence

Starrs, James E. "The Ethical Obligations of the Forensic Scientist in the Criminal Justice System." Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 54 : 906-914. (1971)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: scientific principles

Starrs, James E. "In the Land of Agog: An Allegory for the Expert Witness." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 30 (2), 295. (1985)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File

Starrs, James E. "Mountebanks Among Forensic Scientists." Forensic Science Handbook. Saferstein, R. ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1987. II. 2-37.
Reference type: Book Chapter
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/scientific principles/ethics

Starrs, James E. "Fingerprint Experts Caught in a Whorl of Error." The Scientific Sleuthing Newsletter. 12 (2), 1-5-6. (1988)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: scientific principles/ethics/LP/erroneous identification
Notes: Cases in two states smudge fingerprint credibility

Starrs, James E. "Fingerprints
A Mark of Cain or Abel? Fingerprint Alone Will Convict." The Scientific Sleuthing Newsletter. 12 (4), 4,-17. (1988)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/testimony
Notes: Cases in two states smudge fingerprint credibility

Stevens, CA, et al. "Development of human palmar and digital flexion creases." J Pediatr. 113 (1/1), 128-132. (1988)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: genetics/dermatoglyphics
Abstract: To determine the timing of the development of the various palmar and digital creases, we examined the hands of 100 human fetuses obtained after therapeutic abortion. The fetuses ranged in age from 7 to 19 fetal weeks, with age being
established by menstrual period dates and ultrasound examination before termination. Our observations show that palmar and digital creases develop between 8 and 13 fetal weeks. Digital creases are well defined by 10 weeks; palmar creases are consistently seen by 13 weeks of gestation. The volar pads are present from 8 to 14 fetal weeks. A hand malformation or specific insult that occurs before the time of crease development and that alters the form or function of the fetal hand can cause secondary alterations increase patterns of the hand.

Stimac, Jon T. "Plastic Fingerprint Impressions: An Inked Approach." Journal of Forensic Identification. 48 (5), 574-579. (1998)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison

Stitt, William. "New Use for Gentian VIolet." Journal of Forensic Identification. 47 (3), 274-275. (1997)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing

Stoilovic, Milutin, Ronald N. Warrener, and Hilton J. Kobus. "An Evaluation of the Reagent NBD Chloride for the Production of Luminescent Fingerprints on Paper: II. A Comparison with Ninhydrin." Forensic Science International. 24 : 279-284. (1984)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/ninhydrin/chemical processing/luminescence
Abstract: The effectiveness of the fluoreogenic reagent NBD chloride has been compared with the popular colour reagent ninhydrin for the development of fingerprints on paper. NBD Chloride was found to be more sensitive than ninhydrin for moderately old fingerprints (39 months) and never inferior to ninhydrin in all other cases. A qualitative evaluation technique was used to establish the relative efficiency of each method. This is based on the number of points of identification, assessed on a 14 scale, where 4 represents a court worthy print (> 12 points) and 1 represents a print containing no points.

Stoilovic, Milutin, et al. "Improved Enhancement of Ninhydrin Developed Fingerprints by Cadmium Complexion Using Low Temperature Photoluminescence Techniques." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 31 (2), 432-445. (1986)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/ninhydrin/chemical processing/luminescence
Abstract: Fingerprints developed with ninhydrin form stable, colored complexes when treated with various metal salts. Many of these colored complexes can be used to increase the sensitivity of detection of latent prints because o fphotoluminescent properties. The intensity of this photoluminescence is increased at low temperatures and this is acommon characteristic of each of the complexes formed with salts of the IIb group of the Peiodic Table. Spectral characteristics of these Group IIb metal complexes and the influence of environmental factors on their formation are reported. These data have helped determine optimal conditions for the enhancement of ninhydrin developed fingerprints. Taking into account spectral characteristics, solubility, versatility, stability, and reproducibility, the sue of the cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate complex is advocated for general use for fingerprint enhancement. The use of zinc nitrate is favored if toxicological considerations are paramount, but ninhydrin development has to be carefully controlled if optimal results are to be obtained. Limited applications for mercuric complexes are found when a red shift is desired to remove background effects. (Published abstract)

Stoll, AM. "Thermal properties of human skin related to nondestructive measurement of epidermal thickness." J Invest Dermatol. 69 (3), 328-332. (1977)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File
Abstract: The thermal and physical properties of skin are reviewed briefly in the light of their relationship to skin functions and their influence on temperature measurement and related methodology. Thermal conductivity and epidermal thickness have a direct bearing on the majority of skin functions as these significantly affect heating rates, thermal pain thresholds, and blister formation, as will be seen from the experimental data. The accumulated data on both temperature and pain threshold are used to estimate epidermal thickness in the intact individual. The procedure to accomplish this end utilizes the measured thermal pain threshold, surface temperature, exposure time, and incident energy on a standardized skin site (volar surface of the forearm) to obtain conductivity values. These values are then used in a two-layer system heat flow equation to determine epidermal thickness in other skin sites (fingers) referred to the standard area. Systematic exposures to various materials at high temperatures in contact-burn studies provide data for checking the reliability of this procedure by alternative computations and comparison with predicted tissue temperatures derived from earlier work. Certainly, blister formation and physical measurement of the excised epidermis would provide direct verification of
the accuracy of the procedure but these measures have not been undertaken. It is quite possible that over a period of time verification data could be accumulated incidentally in the clinic where skin grafting procedures are carried out. For this purpose only relatively simple measurements of skin temperature and pain threshold, as described herein, would be required to be performed on skin graft donors to provide epidermal thickness measurements for comparison with direct measurements of excised skin
immediately after removal.

Stoney, David A. and John E. Thornton. "A Critical Analysis of Quantitative Fingerprint Individuality Models." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 31 (4), 1187-1216. (1986)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/comparison/dermatoglyphics

Stoney, David A. and John E. Thornton. "A Method for the Description of Minutia Pairs in Epiderman Ridge Patterns." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 31 (4), 1217-1234. (1986)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics

Stoney, David A. and John E. Thornton. "A Systematic Study of Epidermal Ridge Minutiae." Journal of Forensic Sciences. (1987)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/dermatoglyphics

Tanay, Emanuel M. D. "Money and the Expert Witness
An Ethical Dilemma." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 21 (4), 769-774. (1976)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/scientific principles/ethics/testimony

Taylor, Eileen M. and Brian D. Douglas. "A Dry Fluorescent Magnetic Particle for Use with Magnetic Fingerprint Powders." Journal of Forensic Identification. 47 (4), 394-399. (1997)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing/powder

Taylor, W. H. The Truth and What Everyone Should Know about Finger Prints. Edensburg: Willaim J. Lintz Printer, 1927.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/fingerprints

Theeuwen, A. B. E., et al. "Enhancement of footwear impressions in blood." Forensic Science International. 95 : 133-151. (1998)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: CSI

Thomas, Gordon L. "The Physics of Fingerprints." The Criminologist. 8 (30), 21-38. (1973)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: physics/LP
Abstract: The physics of fingerprints has been a particularly neglected field of study. Almost nothing was known about the physical techniques of developing or detecting fingerprints have emerged since the widely used powdering method. Research on the fundamental physics of fingerprints including an investigation into the mechanism of powder adhesion to fingerprint deposits is currently being carried out by the fingerprint group of PSDB and by the Physics Department of the University of Southampton. Work on a promising physical technique of developing fingerprints on fabric and other "difficult" surfaces is being carried out in collaboration with PSDB by the Atomic Weapons Research Establishment (AWRE). The efforts of these three organizations in this field forms the basis of this paper. (Quoted from introduction)

Thomas, Gordon L. "Physical Methods of Fingerprint Development." Canadian Society of Forensic Science. 8 (4), 144-154. (1975)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/VMD/physics/powder/chemical processing
Abstract: A brief review is given of recent research in the United Kingdom in the field of physical methods applied to fingerprint problems. Some work on the mechanics of powder adhesion to fingerprints is reported along with new results on the physical properites of fingerprints. The development of fingerprints by the use of metal vapour under vacuum is discussed. This method has been used for the successful development of scene of crime fingerprints on polythene. (Published abstract)

Thomas, Gordon L. "The physics of fingerprints and their detection." Journal of Physical Electronic Science Instrumentation. 11 : 722-731. (1978)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: VMD/LP/physics/chemical processing
Abstract: When a human finger touches a surface a sweat deposit - the fingerprint - remains on the surface. Although several methods are used by the police to detect fingerprints operationally, there is a range of surfaces for which none of these methods is adequate. In order to develop new techniques it is essential that the chemical and physical properties of fingerprints are clearly understood.
This review outlines the current state of knowledge in the field of fingerprint physics. Emphasis is placed on physical measurements that have been made on fingerprints. The mechanics of the formation of fingerprints is discussed as well as results of microscopic observations that have led to an understanding of the interaction of fingerprints with flat surfaces. Measurements of contact angles, optical properties and electrical properties of fingerprints are also described.
The development of fingerprints by brushing on powder is a well known technique. In this article work on the mechanics of powder adhesion to fingerprints is reported along with two electrostatic methods of fingerprint development. Fingerprints can be developed in vacuo by metal evaporation. Research on the mechanism of this method is discussed. This novel technic has recently been introduced for operational police use.(Published abstract)

Thornton, John E. "The One-Dissimilarity Doctrine in Fingerprint Identification." International Criminal Police Review. 306 : 89. (1977)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: LP/comparison

Thornton, John E. and Buster W. Emmons. Development of Latent Prints in Arson Cases. 1980
Reference type: Pamphlet
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/arson/chemical processing

Thornton, John E., et al. "Enhancement of the Luminol Test by Means of Light Amplification." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 31 (1), 254-257. (1986)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: CSI/bloodstain/serology

Thornton, John I. "Modification of Fingerprint Powder with Coumarin 6 Laser Dye." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 23 (3), 536-538. (1978)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/powder/luminescence/chemical processing

Thornton, John I. "The Snowflake Paradigm." Journal of Forensic Sciences. 31 (2), 399-401. (1986)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/scientific principles/unique
Notes: Letter to the Editor

Tigh, Dennis J. "Freon-Plus Two." The Print. 1985, 2-4.
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing/ninhydrin

Tiller, C. D. "Identification of Fingerprints - How Many Points Are Required?" Royal Canadian Mounted Police Gazette. 39 (11),
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: fingerprints

Tiller, Norman and Thomas Tiller. "The Power of Physical Evidence: A Capital Murder Case Study." Journal of Forensic Identification. 42 (2), 79-83. (1992)
Reference type: Journal
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/image enhancement/case report

Todd, Steve. "Vacuum Metal Deposition." The Print. 1995, 11 (5) , 5
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/110502.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing/VMD

Todd, Steve. "Vacuum Metal Deposition Puts Pressure On Unsolved Homicide Cases." The Print. 1996, 12 (6) , 15
Available online at: www.scafo.org/library/120607.html
Reference type: Magazine Article
Reprint: In File
Keywords: LP/chemical processing/VMD/case report

Washington State v Hayden. (1998)
Reference type: Case
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: image enhancement
Abstract: The trial of Hayden is a Washington State murder case, where a Tacoma PD investigator, Erik Berg, enhanced a digital image of a fingerprint

Wertelecki, W. and Plato, C. C., (Editor(s). Dermatoglyphics-Fifty Years Later. New York: Alan R. Liss, 1979.
Reference type: Whole Book
Reprint: Not in File
Keywords: dermatoglyphics